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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2020.tde-04112020-171909
Document
Author
Full name
Eduardo Felix Justiniano
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Queiroz Filho, Alfredo Pereira de (President)
Barrozo, Ligia Vizeu
Feitosa, Flávia da Fonseca
Sampaio, Camila Fernanda Bassetto
Title in Portuguese
Análise da eficiência de zoneamentos do desempenho de alunos no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (2012-2018)
Keywords in Portuguese
ENEM
MAUP
Zoneamento
Abstract in Portuguese
A pesquisa analisou a representação espacial do desempenho dos concluintes do ensino médio no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) de 2012 a 2018. Foram analisados os dados de 7,4 milhões de alunos de até 18 anos que se inscreveram e pontuaram em todas as provas do teste educacional. A proficiência dos alunos, considerando todas as áreas do conhecimento avaliadas pelo ENEM, foi utilizado como parâmetro de desempenho. Após constatar a dificuldade de representação e análise conjunta dos alunos das esferas privada e pública, em função das diferenças da renda familiar e da menor distribuição espacial das escolas particulares, optou-se por reduzir o universo de análise. Assim, foram agrupados os dados de 5,6 milhões de concluintes da esfera pública em diferentes níveis de agregação, de municípios a regiões. A análise da eficiência dos zoneamentos do desempenho no exame, em diferentes faixas de renda familiar per capita, foi realizada a partir da metodologia de Openshaw (1984), adaptada para o objetivo desta pesquisa. Demonstrou-se que a participação no ENEM por unidade de área variou, comprometendo a utilização do exame como parâmetro de avaliação da qualidade de ensino válido para todo o Brasil. E, que o zoneamento por microrregiões foi mais eficiente para representar o desempenho no exame e sua evolução temporal. Diferentemente do esperado, os melhores rendimentos médios de alunos não ocorreram, predominantemente, nas áreas maior produto interno bruto (PIB). Apesar de os alunos de menor renda terem sido menos proficientes, a evolução do desempenho deles foi superior ao dos de maior renda, principalmente em áreas localizadas nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Os mapas produzidos nesta pesquisa indicaram não só as áreas de melhor rendimento no ENEM, mas também as áreas onde o poder público deve atuar para prover melhores condições para que os concluintes do ensino médio obtenham a proficiência adequada para esta importante etapa escolar.
Title in English
Analysis of the zoning efficiency of students performance in the Brazilian High School National Examination (2012-2018)
Keywords in English
ENEM
MAUP
Zoning
Abstract in English
This research analyzed the spatial representation of the performance of high school graduate in the Brazilian National High School Examination (ENEM) from 2012 to 2018. Data was compiled from 7.4 million students up to 18 years of age who enrolled and scored in all educational tests. The proficiency of students, considering all areas of knowledge assessed by ENEM, was used as a performance parameter. It was decided to reduce the universe of analysis after realizing the difficulty of proper representation and joint analysis of students from the private and public schools, due to differences in family income and the lower spatial distribution of private schools, Thus, the data of 5.6 million graduates from public schools was grouped at different levels of aggregation, from municipalities to regions. The analysis of the zoning efficiency of the performance in the exam, in different ranges of family income per capita, was carried out using the methodology of Openshaw (1984), adapted for the purpose of this research. It was shown that the participation in ENEM per unit of area varied, compromising the use of the exam as a parameter for evaluating the quality of teaching throughout Brazil. It also showed that microregions zoning was more efficient to represent the performance in the exam and its temporal evolution. Contrary to expectations, the best average student performance did not predominantly occur in the areas of higher gross domestic product (GDP). Despite the fact that lower-income students were less proficient, their performance evaluation was better than that of higher income students, especially in areas located in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions. The maps produced in this research indicated not only the areas with the best performance in ENEM, but also the areas where the government should act to provide better conditions for high school graduates to obtain adequate proficiency for this important school stage.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-11-04
 
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