This thesis aims to approach relations between women and politics, kinship and person building that take place at reserves and areas of territorial repossession, which have been retaken by the Guarani Ñandeva. Regarding the ethnographic focus, this research specifically to the retaken lands of Ypo'i, Potrero Guasu, Yvykuarusu/Takuaraty and Yvy Katu, as well as to the Reserves Porto Lindo/Jakarey and Pirajuí, all of them located at Mato Grosso do Sul. Besides of that, I also drew on data gathered by other researchers who worked among the Guarani Kaiowa and the Guarani Mbya. That allowed me to reflect on the experiences of Guarani throughout the various regions of the country where these indigenous people live and, then, to think about the organizations and political actions, observing how these also involve Mato Grosso do Sul. The land-retakings allow not only the territorial and environmental heritage - that once was stolen - to recover, but also the reassemble that happens in terms of kinship, cosmology and forms of knowledge exchange. These retaken lands also bring together relatives that were previously confined in reserves, which provides the circulation of narratives about the past, the recovery of some sociability practices, the reactivation of ceremonial forms and bonds with deities, as well as the production and use of ritual objects, food, medicines and of other practices of corporeality crafting. A notable aspect of these processes of territorial recovery is the significant presence of women as indispensable subjects in the production of a place where it is possible to live in (tekoha) and, in some cases, as leaders of these processes. Women among the Guarani - Kaiowa, Ñandeva and Mbya have their fire as the reference of their house and also of the households that compose the extended family, and these elements, all together, form the tekoha. In these spaces, women are the main ones to produce social relations between the human and nonhuman worlds, in the multiplicity of the Guarani people in Brazil. In this sense, the thesis is about how the Guarani women, as "women keepers of the fire", figure as anti-destruction agents that seek, by mobilizing the struggle for the recovery of the tekoha - articulated through kinship and the alliances produced in the context of recovered territories -, to gather and settle the collectives in the recovered areas. Women come to prominence in these spaces, where they are directly affected by the violence of life in reserves and face several restrictions that prejudice their possibilities of building their fires. This appears as an element that drives land retaking processes, allowing women or, more precisely, the "women way of being" (kuña kuéra reko) to settle up in these retaken lands and reservations, based on the relationships established by them and also on the production and circulation of knowledge that such relationships enable in a context of struggle for land among the Guarani and Kaiowa.