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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2022.tde-15022023-130921
Document
Author
Full name
Maria Ivanilda Souza da Silva
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Bolzani Filho, Roberto (President)
Keeling, Evan Robert
Lima, João Silva
Souza, Eliane Christina de
Title in Portuguese
Qual o papel desempenhado pela teoria da tripartição da alma expressa em A República de Platão?
Keywords in Portuguese
A República
Filosofia antiga
Platão
Tripartição da alma
Abstract in Portuguese
O propósito desta tese é analisar: Qual o papel desempenhado pela teoria da tripartição da alma expressa em A República de Platão? Tem-se como finalidade principal compreender, se, a referida teoria, teria a função de justificar a proposta que, segundo Platão, seria a mais escandalosa feita por ele no decorrer do diálogo, a saber, a afirmação de que a cidade idealmente justa somente poderia ser realizada se fosse governada por filósofos genuínos. O primeiro capítulo versou sobre a origem da justiça na alma e na cidade tendo como pano de fundo a constituição tripartida da alma, uma vez que, sendo a alma encarnada assim constituída, permitiria identificar as potencialidades naturais e o caráter de cada indivíduo, e, consequentemente, a função a ser por ele desempenhada no interior da cidade. O segundo capítulo tratou da possibilidade de realizar na prática e cidade pensada em logos, a cidade perfeitamente justa. Para tal, foi preciso identificar quem seria o verdadeiro filósofo, aquele que reuniria todas as prerrogativas para promover a união da filosofia com o poder político, as principais características que fariam parte da sua natureza e o conhecimento especializado ao qual ele teria que ter acesso para legitimar-se enquanto governante perfeito. O terceiro capítulo abordou sobre a relação entre a teoria da tripartição da alma e o governo do filósofo, mostrando que o regime político perfeito, aquele que sabe aplicar a justiça com equidade, é o regime governado por quem tem como guia o elemento racional da alma, ou seja, o filósofo; os demais regimes políticos, por serem governados por indivíduos em que prevalece elementos inferiores da alma, são todos regimes degenerados, posto que seus governantes, não são capazes de conhecer a essência da justiça e das demais virtudes que lhes possibilitaria governar com sabedoria buscando sempre o bem comum e a unidade da cidade
Title in English
What is the role played by the tripartite theory of the soul expressed in Plato's Republic?
Keywords in English
Ancient philosophy
Plato
The Republic
Tripartition of soul
Abstract in English
This thesis aims to analyze: What is the role played by the tripartite theory of the soul expressed in Plato's Republic? Its main idea is to understand if this theory would have the function of justifying the proposition that which according to Plato, would be the most scandalous statement made by him during the dialogue the ideal city could only be made if it were governed by genuine philosophers. The first chapter addressed the origin of justice in the soul and the city, having as a background the tripartite constitution of the soul. Considering that the incarnate soul is constituted by these three parts, it would allow the identification of the natural potentialities and the character of each individual and, consequently, the function to be performed by it in the city. The second chapter addressed the possibility of realizing in practice the city thought in logos, the perfectly fair city. It was necessary to identify who would be the true philosopher, the one who would gather all the prerogatives to promote the union of philosophy with political power, the main characteristics that would be part of his nature and the specialized knowledge which he would have to have access to legitimize itself as a perfect ruler. The third chapter discussed the relationship between the tripartite theory of the soul and the philosophers government, showing that the perfect political regime, the one that knows how to apply justice with equity, is the regime governed by those guided by the rational element of the soul, in other words, the philosopher; the other political regimes, governed by individuals in which inferior elements of the soul prevail, are all degenerate regimes, since their governors are not capable of knowing the essence of justice and other virtues that would allow them to govern with wisdom, always seeking the common good and the unity of the city
 
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Publishing Date
2023-02-15
 
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