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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2020.tde-15022021-133930
Document
Author
Full name
Juliana Ferraci Martone
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Tolle, Oliver (President)
Brandão, Eduardo
Fabbianelli, Faustino
Hirata, Celí
Radrizzani, Yves
Title in Portuguese
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi: a história natural da filosofia especulativa
Keywords in Portuguese
Causalidade
Crença
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
Idealismo e realismo
Modo de vida
Não-saber
Abstract in Portuguese
A tese pretende apresentar a filosofia, ou melhor, a denominada não-filosofia ou não saber de Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi e, de modo mais amplo, esboçar uma resposta para a pergunta sobre o próprio significado do filosofar, partindo do pressuposto jacobiano de que filosofia viva é história, de que o modo de vida é anterior ao modo de pensar. A condição humana é inevitavelmente marcada por um hiato ou um dualismo, pois o homem não é capaz de unificar, de um lado, a existência e, de outro, o saber. Em outras palavras, a ordem do ser e do conhecer não são equivalentes, e filosofia alguma poderá encontrar essa síntese impossível (o "monossílabo criador"). Quando ela tenta unifica-los (monismo), cai no fatalismo ou niilismo: renuncia ou à existência, ou ao saber conceitual. Jacobi mostra como a solução para esse dualismo não está no interior do próprio saber, cuja tendência é sempre a unificação de mediações, mas sim no sábio não saber (wissendes Nichtwissen), isto é, na conduta pessoal ou ação moral e política na sociedade, portanto numa filosofia pessoal; não num imperativo, mas num "optativo categórico".
Title in English
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi: the natural history of speculative reason
Keywords in English
Belief
Causality
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
Idealism and realism
Non-knowledge
Way of life
Abstract in English
The thesis intends to present the philosophy, or better yet, the so-called non-philosophy or not-knowing of Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, whilst it outlines an answer to the broader question about the meaning of philosophy itself with the help of Jacobi's conception that living philosophy is always historical, and that the way of life is prior to the way of thinking. The human condition is distinguished by a hiatus or a dualism, since men are incapable of unifying existence on the one hand, and knowledge on the other. In other words, the order of being and the order of knowledge are not equivalent. Therefore, no philosophy will ever find such impossible synthesis (the "creative monosyllable"). When philosophy tries to unify them (monism), it inevitably ends up in fatalism or nihilism: renouncing either the existence or the conceptual knowledge. Jacobi reveals that the solution to this dualism is not inside knowledge itself, whose tendency is always to unify mediations, but rather in a wise ignorance (wissendes Nichtwissen), namely in the personal conduct or the concrete moral and political action in society, hence in a personal philosophy; not in an categorical imperative, but rather in a "categorial optative".
 
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Publishing Date
2021-02-15
 
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