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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2022.tde-14072022-171556
Document
Author
Full name
Beatriz Laporta
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Lacerda, Tessa Moura (President)
Forlin, Enéias Junior
Hirata, Celí
Oliveira, Érico Andrade Marques de
Title in Portuguese
A importância da união substancial para o estabelecimento da árvore do saber cartesiana
Keywords in Portuguese
Árvore do saber
Descartes
Metafísica
Moral
União substancial
Abstract in Portuguese
Trata-se de investigar como Descartes abriu espaço para o conhecimento incerto e confuso em sua filosofia a partir da consideração da união substancial entre alma e corpo. Na metáfora da "árvore do saber" apresentada no prefácio de seus Princípios da filosofia, a raiz é a metafísica, o tronco é a física e os ramos principais são a mecânica, a medicina e a moral. Busca-se mostrar que é a "raiz" metafísica e o "tronco" física que fundamentam a questão prática da moral, o plano do conhecimento da experiência e do sentimento, isto é, do conhecimento incerto e confuso. A Correspondência com Elisabeth de 1643 traz novas luzes sobre a maneira de pensar essa questão prática na medida em que se debruça sobre como pode a alma mover o corpo. Pretende-se ver por que Descartes propõe a Elisabeth que considere a alma como extensa para entender como ela tem a força de mover o corpo, pois a questão possui uma impossibilidade de resposta racional. Acredita-se que é a teoria da distinção das substâncias que permite a Descartes propor uma nova física, diferente da física aristotélica-tomista das formas substanciais, e, principalmente, a união substancial que permite que essa física no ser humano seja a fisiologia do corpo próprio, não hipotética.
Title in English
The importance of substantial union for the establishment of the Cartesian tree of knowledge
Keywords in English
Descartes
Metaphysics
Morality
Substantial union
Tree of knowledge
Abstract in English
This dissertation investigates how Descartes created space in his philosophy for the uncertain and confused knowledge, through the consideration of the substantial union between soul and body. In the metaphor of the "tree of knowledge", as presented in the Preface to his Principles of Philosophy, the roots are metaphysics, the trunk is physics, and the branches are mechanics, medicine and morality. We aim to demonstrate that the metaphysical "roots" and the physical "trunk" are the fundament of the practical issue of morality, of the plan of the knowledge of experience and feeling, that is, of uncertain and confused knowledge. The study of his letters to Elisabeth from 1643 casts new light on how this practical question is conceived, insofar as Descartes addresses how it is possible for the soul to move the body. We intend to discuss why Descartes suggests that Elisabeth should think of the soul as having extension in order to understand how it has force to move the body, dealing with a question that has no rational answer. It is our thesis that the theorization of the distinction between substances enables Descartes' proposition of a new physics, distinct from the Aristotelian-Thomistic physics of substantial forms, and, especially, that the substantial union is what allows this physics, applied to human being, to be a physiology of the proper body, that is, non-hypothetical.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-07-14
 
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