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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2023.tde-14032024-123859
Document
Author
Full name
Abel dos Santos Beserra
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Santiago, Homero Silveira (President)
Forlin, Enéias Junior
Oliva, Luís César Guimarães
Rateau, Paul
Title in Portuguese
O conceito de hábito a partir d'As paixões da Alma de Descartes
Keywords in Portuguese
Descartes
Dualismo
Experiência
Hábito
Moral
Abstract in Portuguese
O dualismo cartesiano é alvo de crítica desde sua formulação e, conforme Merleau-Ponty, pode parecer contraditório sem a ideia de infinito positivo presente no grande racionalismo do século XVII. Dessa maneira, o dualismo cartesiano surge como: ou uma flagrante antinomia; ou dependente do conceito de infinito positivo. Cumpre então questionar se Descartes já não teria estabelecido argumentos capazes de aclarar o que muitos críticos consideram impasses de seu sistema. Nesse sentido, o Tratado das paixões emerge como central, pois apresenta como o corpo, algo determinado, se une à alma, que é livre, sem que isso os anule em suas especificidades. Descartes então detalha os termos de seu dualismo ao desenvolver a ideia de união da alma e do corpo. Nessas circunstâncias, nos parece fundamental o aprofundamento desta união por meio da adequada consideração do conceito de hábito; apesar de pouco estudado, o hábito é aquilo que permite à alma reorganizar as próprias paixões, dirigir o corpo e agir virtuosamente. Assim, esta dissertação considera as indicações de Merleau-Ponty sobre o dualismo cartesiano e vale-se do conceito de hábito no Tratado das paixões para investigar se Descartes aponta possíveis soluções ou inovações para as questões engendradas pelo dualismo de sua filosofia
Title in English
The concept of habit from Descartes' The Passions of the Soul
Keywords in English
Descartes
Dualism
Experience
Habit
Moral
Abstract in English
Cartesian dualism has been criticized ever since its formulation, and, according to MerleauPonty, it may seem contradictory without an idea of positive infinity present in the great rationalism of the 17th century. Consequently, Cartesian dualism emerges as either a glaring antinomy or as dependent on the concept of positive infinity. It is therefore important to question whether Descartes had already established arguments capable of elucidating what many critics consider impasses in his system. In this sense, The Passions of the Soul emerges as central, as it presents how the body, something determined, is united to the soul, which is free, without this canceling them out in their specificities. Descartes then details the terms of his dualism by developing the idea of the union of soul and body. In light of these circumstances, it seems essential to delve deeper into this union through a proper consideration of the concept of habit. Somewhat underexplored, habit is what enables the soul to reorganize its own passions, guide the body, and act virtuously. Thus, this research considers MerleauPonty's indications of Cartesian dualism and uses the concept of habit in The Passions of the Soul to investigate whether Descartes points to possible solutions or innovations to the issues engendered by the dualism of his philosophy
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-14
 
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