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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2020.tde-10082020-171820
Document
Author
Full name
Martha Gabrielly Coletto Costa
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Chaui, Marilena de Souza (President)
Adverse, Helton Machado
Cardoso, Sergio
Limongi, Maria Isabel de Magalhães Papaterra
Title in Portuguese
Claude Lefort e o enigma democrático: forças e limites de uma invenção política moderna
Keywords in Portuguese
Democracia
Direitos
Liberalismo
Marxismo
Neoliberalismo
Abstract in Portuguese
O núcleo desta pesquisa consiste em investigar o lugar da reflexão sobre a democracia no pensamento de Claude Lefort e sua contribuição para o debate político-filosófico do século XX. Propomos reconstituir os meandros da trajetória lefortiana para mostrar a gênese de sua reflexão sobre o regime democrático, as diferentes caracterizações que lhe fornece e as contraposições históricas e teóricas que o filósofo põe em cena a fim de captar as singularidades da democracia moderna frente às formações sociais do Antigo Regime, de um lado, e aos regimes totalitários do século XX, de outro. Nesse sentido, buscaremos construir um diálogo com alguns autores políticos clássicos, como Maquiavel, Tocqueville e Marx, para apreender os desenvolvimentos da concepção lefortiana sobre a democracia enquanto formação social que se instaura contra os pilares de uma ordem política baseada na imagem do corpo e na fundamentação do poder a partir de princípios transcendentes. Formação social que se institui a partir da desincorporação do poder (pela qual o poder se torna um lugar vazio), a democracia se singulariza como sociedade aberta à história, indeterminada e sem telos, que acolhe a divisão e o conflito, num movimento incessante de interrogação, instituição e criação de direitos. Por fim, enunciamos as perguntas em que culminará a presente investigação, indicando o caminho para a construção de nossa tese: o lugar ocupado pela concepção democrática de Lefort significa uma alternativa à polarização do debate sobre a democracia, que opõe, na cena teórica do século XX, as perspectivas marxista e liberal? Tendo tomado distância do marxismo e da reflexão sobre a economia política, sua concepção é capaz de enfrentar os efeitos da nova ordem econômica neoliberal, que tende a inaugurar um "sistema pós-democrático"?
Title in English
Claude Lefort and the democratic enigma: strengths and limits of a modern political invention
Keywords in English
Democracy
Liberalism
Marxism
Neoliberalism
Rights
Abstract in English
The core of this research is to investigate the place of the reflection on democracy at the thought of Claude Lefort and his contribution to the political and philosophical debate in the twentieth century. Therefore, this research aims to reconstruct the paths of lefortian intellectual trajectory in order to show the genesis of his reflection on the democratic regime, the different characterizations that he provides about this regime and the historical and theoretical contrasts that the philosopher displays in order to catch the singularity of modern democracy compared to the social formations of the Ancien Régime on the one hand, and the totalitarian regimes of the twentieth century, on the other. In this sense, it is necessary to build a dialogue with some political classical authors such as Machiavelli, Tocqueville and Marx, to show the developments of lefortian conception about democracy as a regime established by an unprecedented revolution against the pillars of a political order based on the image of the body and in the grounds of power from transcendent principles. Regime that is instituted by the disembodiment of power and society, the democracy is singular because it is radically open to the history, indeterminate and without a telos, accepting the division and the conflict in a ceaseless movement of interrogation, establishment and creation of new rights. Acting as a conducting wire of our research, the fundamental question that culminates in the present investigation can be enunciated: does the place occupied by Lefort's democratic conception mean an alternative to the polarization of the debate on democracy, which opposes, in the theoretical scene of the 20th century, the Marxist and liberal perspectives? Having moved away from Marxism and reflection on political economy, is your conception capable of facing the effects of the new neoliberal economic order, which tends to inaugurate "a post-democratic system"?
 
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Publishing Date
2020-08-10
 
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