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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2020.tde-04062020-210416
Document
Author
Full name
Sacha Zilber Kontic
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Lacerda, Tessa Moura (President)
Chaui, Marilena de Souza
Oliveira, Érico Andrade Marques de
Rateau, Paul
Title in Portuguese
Malebranche: percepção e metafísica
Keywords in Portuguese
Cartesianismo
Ideia
Metafísica
Nicolas Malebranche
Percepção
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho analisa a noção de percepção na filosofia de Malebranche em vistas de compreender como ela permite que o oratoriano articule as grandes oposições da metafisica clássica (finito e infinito, necessidade e contingência, universal e singular, etc.) de modo a torna-las parte da experiência humana. Pretendemos com isso mostrar que, apesar de nunca abandonar o ideal de um conhecimento estritamente inteligível e racional, fundado nas verdades eternas e necessárias, toda percepção envolve necessariamente algum elemento de obscuridade, de contingência e de temporalidade. Consideramos ademais que, ao longo do desenvolvimento de sua filosofia e das múltiplas precisões e alterações feitas nas sucessivas edições de suas obras, Malebranche aprofunda e desenvolve as consequências dessa concepção de percepção a ponto de, na fase final de sua filosofia, os elementos metafísicos e os elementos relacionados à experiência se tornarem virtualmente indistinguíveis. A primeira parte dessa tese, constituída pelos dois primeiros capítulos, reconstitui o que são, para Malebranche, os elementos mais fundamentais da percepção, isto é, de um lado, o espírito e suas modificações e, de outro, as ideias que são vistas em Deus. Nele, examinamos os conceitos centrais de sentimento e de ideia, assim como mostramos as principais transformações que caracterizaram o desenvolvimento da tese da Visão das ideias em Deus. A segunda parte da tese, construída pelos três capítulos subsequentes, analisamos a noção de percepção em relação às grandes oposições que a constituem.
Title in English
Malebranche: perception and metaphysics
Keywords in English
Cartesianism
Ideias
Metaphysics
Nicolas Malebranche
Perception
Abstract in English
This thesis analyzes the notion of perception in Malebranche's philosophy in order to understand how it allows the oratorian to articulate the great oppositions of classical metaphysics (finite and infinite, necessity and contingency, universal and singular, etc.) in order to make them a constitutive element of the human experience. By this we mean to show that, while never abandoning the ideal of a strictly intelligible and rational knowledge founded on eternal and necessary truths, all perception necessarily involves some element of obscurity, contingency and temporality. We further consider that, throughout the development of his philosophy and the multiple precisions and revisions made in the successive editions of his works, Malebranche deepens and develops the consequences of this conception of perception to the point that, in the final phase of his philosophy, the metaphysical elements and the elements related to experience become virtually indistinguishable. The first part of this thesis, consisting of the first two chapters, reconstructs those that are, for Malebranche, the most fundamental elements of perception, that is, on the one hand, the spirit and its modifications and, on the other, the ideas that are seen in God. In it, we examine the core concepts of feeling and idea, as well as show the major transformations that characterized the development of the thesis of the Vision of Ideas in God. The second part of the thesis, consisting in the subsequent three chapters, analyzes the notion of perception in relation to the major metaphysical oppositions that constitute it.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-06-04
 
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