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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2020.tde-02032020-173752
Document
Author
Full name
Rafael Zambonelli Nogueira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Ferraz, Marcus Sacrini Ayres (President)
Carrasco, Alexandre de Oliveira Torres
Larison, Mariana Isabel
Moura, Alex de Campos
Title in Portuguese
Simultaneidade e duração: tempo e história em Merleau-Ponty
Keywords in Portuguese
História
Merleau-Ponty
Ontologia
Temporalidade
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente pesquisa tem por finalidade investigar as relações entre tempo e história na última filosofia de Merleau-Ponty. Partindo dos textos e cursos da primeira metade dos anos 1950, acreditamos encontrar aí uma primeira tematização explícita por parte do fenomenólogo do problema de pensar, por um lado, o estatuto filosófico de uma história universal e, por outro lado, uma temporalidade que seja propriamente histórica. Tal tematização ocorre, de acordo com nossa hipótese de trabalho, quando Merleau-Ponty passa a empreender uma progressiva dessubjetivação do tempo e a questionar algumas dificuldades ontológicas em que sua filosofia se enredara. O aspecto central dessa mudança de perspectiva, parece-nos, consiste no debate multifacetado que nosso autor trava com o relativismo nesse período, na medida em que o que está em jogo nesse debate é a possibilidade de repensar a ideia de universalidade sem, contudo, torná-la exterior à singularidade. É nesse contexto que começa a formular-se uma nova concepção da história e de sua temporalidade, culminando na minuciosa elaboração da noção de instituição. A partir daí, encontramos o primeiro desdobramento dessa noção na interrogação merleau-pontiana sobre a dialética, pois uma compreensão apurada da ideia de mediação tornará possível pensar relações internas entre universalidade e singularidade, assim como um movimento histórico e temporal de totalização. Com isso, torna-se possível compreender o lugar e a importância desses problemas no interior do projeto ontológico merleau-pontiano, cuja expressão mais acabada aparece em seus textos tardios. Nesse terreno, os problemas do tempo e da história, considerados pelo fio condutor do problema do relativismo, poderão receber um tratamento filosófico adequado pois aqui o próprio Ser passa a ser pensado em sua temporalidade e historicidade, enquanto movimento de autodiferenciação que permite compreender a articulação arqueológica entre natureza e história, articulação que envolve tanto continuidade quanto descontinuidade entre os termos.
Title in English
Simultaneity and duration: time and history in Merleau-Ponty
Keywords in English
History
Merleau-Ponty
Ontology
Time
Abstract in English
The present research aims to investigate the relationship between time and history in Merleau- Ponty's last philosophy. Beginning with the texts and lessons of the first half of the 1950s, we believe that there is a first explicit thematization by the phenomenologist of the problem of thinking, on the one hand, the philosophical status of a universal history and, on the other hand, a temporality that is properly historical Such thematization occurs, according to our working hypothesis, when Merleau-Ponty begins to undertake a progressive "desubjectivation" of time and to question some ontological difficulties in which his philosophy has become entangled. The central aspect of this change of perspective, it seems to us, is the multifaceted debate that our author is struggling with relativism in this period, as what is at stake in this debate is the possibility of rethinking the idea of universality without, however, make it external to singularity. It is in this context that a new conception of history and its temporality begins to be formulated, culminating in the detailed elaboration of the notion of institution. From there, we find the first unfolding of this notion in the Merleau-Pontian interrogation of dialectics, because a thorough understanding of the idea of mediation will make it possible to think of internal relations between universality and singularity, as well as a historical and temporal movement of totalization. Thus, it becomes possible to understand the place and importance of these problems within the merleau-pontian ontological project, whose better expression appears in his later texts. In this field, the problems of time and history, considered by the thread of the problem of relativism, may receive an appropriate philosophical treatment - for here the Being itself becomes thought in its temporality and historicity, as a movement of self-differentiation that allows understanding archaeological articulation between nature and history, articulation that involves both continuity and discontinuity between the two terms.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-03-02
 
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