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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2020.tde-16032021-135201
Document
Author
Full name
João Pedro Argondizo Correia
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Tierno, Patricio (President)
Sebastiani, Breno Battistin
Vargas, Anderson Zalewski
Title in Portuguese
Nómos, phýsis e democracia ateniense: o embate pelo sentido na obra História da Guerra do Peloponeso
Keywords in Portuguese
Antiguidade Clássica
Democracia
Lei
Natureza
Teoria Política
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta dissertação se dedica a investigar os temas da democracia ateniense e do debate entre nómos e phýsis nas formas pelas quais aparecem ao longo da obra História da Guerra do Peloponeso, de Tucídides. Para tanto, realizamos a análise de uma série de episódios representativos, nos quais esses temas transparecem e/ou são debatidos, sempre levando em consideração o estado de desenvolvimento dessas ideias à época. Havendo constatado a multiplicidade discursiva presente na obra e partindo do argumento de que é pelos discursos que se busca atribuir sentido aos acontecimentos, encaramos os temas propostos enquanto formas de interpretação do mundo, constantemente tensionadas entre si e irresolutas. Ademais, tanto o nómos quanto o lógos democrático representam construções humanas em confronto com a natureza e a realidade material. Logo, o embate pelo sentido manifesta-se também enquanto tentativa perene de construção e manutenção da ordem, contrastadas na narrativa à desafiadora condição de guerra e pelas recorrentes pressões de ruptura do tecido social. Argumentamos, afinal, que o texto de Tucídides possibilita e incentiva a reflexão sobre a política enquanto fenômeno mais interacional e discursivo, para o qual não existem respostas prontas ou modelos infalíveis, e o faz justamente ao expor tanto seus personagens quanto ele próprio imersos no embate interpretativo.
Title in English
Nómos, Phýsis and Athenian Democracy: The Struggle for Meaning in The Peloponnesian War.
Keywords in English
Classical Antiquity
Democracy
Nature
Political Theory
Abstract in English
This dissertation is dedicated to the investigation of Athenian democracy and the debate between the concepts of nómos and phýsis, in the forms by which these themes appear throughout Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War. To that purpose, we carried out an analysis of a series of representative episodes, in which those themes emerge or are discussed, always taking into consideration the developmental state of the ideas at that period. Having determined the discoursive multiplicity contained in Thucydides' work and starting from the assumption that it is through discourses that we seek to attribute meaning to events, we face the presented themes as modes of interpretation of the world, constantly dissonant and inconclusive. Moreover, both nómos and the democratic lógos represent human constructs in conflict with nature and material reality. Hence, the struggle for meaning manifests itself as an enduring attempt to establish and maintain order, contrasted in the narrative to the challenging conditions of war and to the recurring pressure on the social fabric. We argue, in the end, that Thucydides' text enables and incentivises us to reflect upon politics as a more interactional and discoursive phenomenon, to which there are no ready answers or infallible models and he does so as he exposes his characters, as well as himself, immersed in the interpretative struggle.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-03-16
 
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