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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.76.2021.tde-09092021-115424
Document
Author
Full name
Henrique Malavazzi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Ferreira, Luiz Agostinho (President)
Gomes, Jose Francisco
Kneipp, Marco Aurelio Cattacin
Title in Portuguese
Teorias de Gauge: equações integrais e auto-dualidade
Keywords in Portuguese
Auto-dual
Cargas
Gauge
Magnético
Monopolos
Abstract in Portuguese
Neste trabalho exploramos dois conceitos de extrema importância das teorias de campos buscando uma relação com as teorias de gauge: a auto-dualidade e a integrabilidade. As teorias de gauge descrevem três das quatro interações fundamentais que governam a natureza, explorar sua estrutura pode nos proporcionar maior entendimento acerca dos problemas que estão em aberto no modelo padrão. Baseamos nas referências1–5 a fim de buscar generalizações de setores auto-duais bem consolidados das teorias de gauge: os Instantons e o monopolo de ´t Hooft-Polyakov. De modo que fomos capazes de encontrar uma teoria generalizada de Yang-Mills-Higgs a qual possui simetria conforme espacial, possibilitando a obtenção de dois ansätze distintos: o ansätz esférico, associado às soluções monopolares (esfericamente simétricas) e o ansätz conforme, associado à soluções de vácuo com simetria toroidal. Com o ansätz esférico da teoria generalizada de Yang-Mills-Higgs, nós construímos um setor auto-dual para as soluções de ´t Hooft-Polyakov. Com o ansätz conforme, verificamos que a simetria toroidal implica em soluções de vácuo definidas em uma 3-esfera, além disso, mostramos duas soluções diferentes entre si, uma abeliana e outra não abeliana, com a solução abeliana carregando uma quantidade invariante associada a helicidade dos campos de gauge, mas com transformações de gauge irregulares. Com intuito de compreender os aspectos globais destes ansätze, lançamos mão das equações integrais das teorias de gauge não abelianas6–8 para calcular suas cargas magnéticas dinâmicas, de modo que foi possível verificar uma condição de quantização para as soluções monopolares obtidas com o ansätz esférico e também concluímos que o ansätz conforme não possibilita soluções do tipo monopolares.
Title in English
Gauge theories: integrable equations and self-duality
Keywords in English
Charges
Gauge
Magnetic
Monopoles
Self-dual
Abstract in English
In this work, we explore two concepts of extreme importance in field theories looking for a relationship with gauge theories: self-duality and integrability. Gauge theories describe three of the four fundamental interactions that govern nature, exploring its structure can provide us a better understanding of the problems that are open in the standard model. We based on the references1–5 to seek generalizations of well-established self-dual sectors of gauge theories: the ´t Hooft-Polyakov monopoles and Instantons. Hence that, we found a generalized Yang-Mills-Higgs theory that has spatial conformal symmetry, enabling the achievement of two distinct solution behaviors: the spherical ansätz, which provides new monopole solutions (spherically symmetrical) and the conformal ansätz with toroidal symmetry. With the spherical ansätz of generalized Yang-Mills-Higgs, we constructed a self-dual sector for the ´t Hooft-Polyakov solutions.9, 10 With the conformal ansätz, we verified that the toroidal symmetry implies in vacuum solutions defined in a 3-sphere space, in addition, we show two different solutions, an abelian and a non-abelian one, with the abelian solution carrying an invariant quantity associated with the helicity of the gauge fields, however, carries an irregularity under gauge transformations. To understand the global aspects of such ansätze, we make use of the integral equations of non-abelian gauge theories6–8 to calculate their dynamic magnetic charges, then, it was possible to verify a quantization condition for the monopole solutions obtained with the spherical ansätz and we also concluded that the conformal ansätz it does not allow solutions of the monopole type.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-09-14
 
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