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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.76.2022.tde-16122022-103535
Document
Author
Full name
Alexandre Benatti
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Costa, Luciano da Fontoura (President)
Travieso, Gonzalo
Gomes Junior, Luiz Celso
Reia, Sandro Martinelli
Zuben, Fernando José von
Title in Portuguese
Modificações no modelo de Sznajd para simular dinâmica de opiniões em redes complexas
Keywords in Portuguese
Dinâmica de opiniões
Diversidade de opiniões
Modelo de Sznajd
Redes complexas
Abstract in Portuguese
Redes complexas têm despertado interesse em várias aplicações por possuírem capacidade de representar e modelar diversos tipos de estruturas discretas. Um dos grandes desafios da pesquisa em sistemas complexos inclui entender a maneira pela qual a opinião humana muda ao longo do tempo e compreender a formação de opiniões em redes sociais. Esses problemas são muitas vezes abordados em termos de diversidade de opiniões. Neste contexto, o modelo de Sznajd foi desenvolvido e vem sendo usado para estudar dinâmicas de opiniões considerando a influência dos vizinhos, simulando assim o fato de ser mais provável uma pessoa mudar de opinião quando muitos de suas conexões têm opiniões diferentes. Neste trabalho, são propostas adaptações no modelo de Sznajd de forma a permitir reconexões na rede, de forma que os agentes alterem suas conexões preferencialmente para outros vizinhos com mesma opinião. Inserimos também o conceito de reconexões preferências nesse modelo para simular o efeito Underdog, que é a eventual tendência das pessoas em apoiar a opção menos popular. Ao aplicar essas dinâmicas em alguns modelos tradicionais de redes, observamos os efeitos dos parâmetros nos resultados em termos da diversidade e da modularidade. Além disso, abordamos a possível formação de bolhas sociais, quando elementos com mesma opinião têm diminuição de conectividade com o restante da rede, o que foi verificado para certas configurações de parâmetros. Neste trabalhos, apresentamos um modelo Sznajd adaptativo (ASM) com ligações que podem mudar ao longo do tempo de acordo com as opiniões dos vizinhos de cada nó. Utilizando esse modelo, mostramos que a possibilidade de reconexões induz um aumento do número de opiniões resultantes, e que as redes com um grau médio mais elevado são menos susceptíveis de formar bolhas sociais e que o efeito Underdog, em redes de opiniões, pode contribuir para aumentar a diversidade de opiniões.
Title in English
Modifying the Sznajd model to simulate opinion dynamics in complex networks.
Keywords in English
Complex networks
Opinion diversity
Opinion dynamics
Sznajd model
Abstract in English
Complex networks have attracted interest in many applications due to their ability to represent and model many types of discrete structures. One of the biggest challenges of research in complex systems includes understanding how human opinion changes over time as well as the dynamics of opinion formation in social networks. These types of problems have often been addressed in terms of opinion diversity. In this context, the Sznajds model was developed and has been used to study opinion dynamics considering the neighborhood influence, thus simulating the fact that a person is more likely to change your opinion when in disagreement with many of respective connections. In this paper, we propose adaptations to the Sznajds model in order to allow reconnections in the network, so that agents change their connections preferentially to other like-minded neighbors. We also incorporate the concept of preferential reconnections into this model to simulate the Underdog effect, which is the eventual tendency of people to support the less popular option. By applying these dynamics to some traditional network models, we observe the effects of the parameters on the results in terms of diversity and modularity. In addition, we addressed the possible formation of social bubbles, characterized by elements with the same opinion having decreased connectivity with the rest of the network, which was verified for certain parameter settings. In this work, we present an adaptive Sznajd model (ASM) with connections that can change over time according to the opinions of each nodes neighbors. Using this model, we show that the possibility of reconnections induces an increase in the number of resulting opinions, and that networks with a higher average degree are less likely to form social bubbles and that the Underdog effect in opinion networks can contribute to increasing opinion diversity.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-12-16
 
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