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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.76.2021.tde-03092021-152406
Document
Author
Full name
Mário Henrique Figlioli Donato
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Muniz, Sérgio Ricardo (President)
Macri, Tommaso
Silva, Luis Gregorio Godoy de Vasconcellos Dias da
Title in Portuguese
Excitações topológicas em condensados de Bose-Einstein espinoriais
Keywords in Portuguese
Condensados de Bose-Einstein
Espinores
Simetria
Topologia
Abstract in Portuguese
O estudo dos condensados de Bose-Einstein (CBE) já se faz relevante na história por quase 100 anos. Evidentemente, muito se avançou no tratamento desse tipo de sistema desde os primeiros trabalhos de Bose e Einstein (13) — seja na teoria ou nos experimentos. Em particular, foi nas últimas duas décadas que seu tratamento teórico evolui consideravelmente e a teoria dos Condensados dilutos com spin não nulo se desenvolveu. Os chamados condensados de Bose-Einstein espinoriais (4) ganharam certo destaque na comunidade ao apresentarem características simétricas e topológicas únicas, de modo que eles são capazes de englobar, em um sistema de átomos ultrafrios, propriedades (e quasi-partículas) que são geralmente abordadas em sistemas e estruturas provenientes de outras áreas da física (como vórtices, monopolos, Skyrmions, nós etc.) nas excitações topológicas do seu parâmetro de ordem. Nesta dissertação, revisamos em detalhes o desenvolvimento da teoria dos CBEs espinoriais, destacando suas relevantes propriedades simétricas e topológicas e suas diferenças perante um condensado sem spin. Além disso, apresentamos uma teoria original em que analisamos as características dos estados excitados quânticos (i.e., estados que não formam a fase condensada) de espinores com propriedades topológicas não triviais, indo além do que é abordado na teoria de Bogoliubov (4,5) para condensados uniformes, e mostramos que, efetivamente, a estrutura desses estados é a de espinor (i.e., vetorial), a qual carrega informações acerca das características topológicas da fase condensada.
Title in English
Topological excitations in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Keywords in English
Bose-Einstein condensates
Spinors
Symmetry
Topology
Abstract in English
The study of the Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) has been relevant in history for almost 100 years. Evidently, much progress has been made in the treatment of this type of system since the first works of Bose and Einstein (13) — in theory and in experiments. In particular, in the last two decades its theoretical treatment evolved considerably and the theory of the dilute condensates with non-zero spin has developed since then. The so- called spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (4) have gained some prominence in the scientific community by presenting unique symmetrical and topological characteristics, in the sense they are able to encompass, in a system of ultra-cold atoms, properties (and quasi-particles) that are generally discussed in systems and structures from other areas of physics (such as vortices, monopoles, Skyrmions, knots, etc.) in the topological excitations of their own order parameter. In this master thesis, we review in detail the development of the theory of spinor BECs, highlighting their relevant symmetrical and topological properties and their differences before a condensate without spin. In addition, we present an original theory in which we analyze the characteristics of the quantum excited states (i.e., states that do not form the condensate phase) of spinors with non-trivial topological properties, going beyond what is covered in Bogoliubov theory for uniform condensates (4, 5), and we show that, effectively, these states have a spinor structure (i.e., vector structure), which carries information about the topological characteristics of the condensate phase.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-09-13
 
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