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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.75.2018.tde-16032018-095321
Document
Author
Full name
Thiessa Maramaldo de Almeida Oliveira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Vieira, Eny Maria (President)
Daniel, Luiz Antonio
Gomes, Paulo Clairmont Feitosa de Lima
Santos Neto, Álvaro José dos
Santos, Teresa Cristina Rodrigues dos
Title in Portuguese
Análise de fármacos e metilparabeno em amostras de água do Rio Itapecuru (MA), do Rio Mogi Guaçu (SP) e do Rio Monjolinho e seus tributários (SP)
Keywords in Portuguese
Fármacos e produtos de cuidados pessoais
LC-ESI-QqTOF/MS
Rio Itapecuru (MA)
Rio Mogi Guaçu (SP)
Rio Monjolinho e seus tributário (SP)
Abstract in Portuguese

Neste estudo, investigou-se a ocorrência de fármacos (naproxeno, paracetamol, diclofenaco, 17β-estradiol, sulfametazina, sulfadimetoxina e sulfatiazol) e produto de cuidados pessoais (metilparabeno) em amostras de água superficial do Rio Itapecuru (MA), do Rio Mogi Guaçu (SP) e do Rio Monjolinho e seus tributários (SP). As águas dos rios foram caracterizadas por parâmetros físicos e químicos e os analitos foram isolados e pré-concentrados por meio da extração em fase sólida (SPE) e, subsequentemente, analisados por cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas de alta resolução (LC-ESI-QqTOF/MS). O método desenvolvido foi validado e mostrou-se linear na faixa de 50 a 400 µg L-1, com coeficientes de determinação maiores que 0,99. Os limites de detecção e quantificação para todos os analitos foram 16 e 50 µg L-1, respectivamente, os valores de recuperação variaram entre 50 e 99%, a precisão intradia variou entre 0,26 e 6,99% e a exatidão variou entre 88,45 e 103,07%. Nas amostras provenientes do Rio Monjolinho e de seus tributários as concentrações máximas de paracetamol, naproxeno e metilparabeno foram 143,97, 75,90 e 56,18 µg L-1, respectivamente. Nas amostras coletadas no Rio Mogi Guaçu (SP) o metilparabeno e o naproxeno foram apenas detectados, bem como o metilparabeno no Rio Itapecuru (MA), uma vez que suas concentrações, apresentaram-se abaixo do limite de quantificação do método. A análise de componentes principais (PCA) mostrou que as variáveis oxigênio dissolvido (OD) e carbono orgânico total (TOC) estão altamente correlacionadas com as elevadas concentrações dos fármacos e metilparabeno encontradas nas amostras, assim como explicou o efeito da variabilidade espaço-temporal nas concentrações. As curvas de distribuição da sensibilidade das espécies (SSD) foram construídas e indicaram que sensibilidades distintas são obtidas dependendo das espécies e do analito ao qual esta foi exposta, evidenciando que a presença dos fármacos e do metilparabeno no ambiente aquático podem provocar desequilíbrio na cadeia alimentar. Portanto, este estudo traz informações analíticas e ecotoxicológicas importantes sobre os contaminantes emergentes em ambiente aquático, que podem ser utilizadas como base de dados para a criação de novas legislações que restrinjam a entrada desses compostos nos corpos aquáticos.

Title in English
Analysis of pharmaceuticals and methylparaben in water samples from the Itapecuru River (MA), the Mogi Guaçu River (SP) and the Monjolinho River and its tributaries (SP)
Keywords in English
Itapecuru River (MA)
LC-ESI-QqTOF/MS
Mogi Guaçu River (SP)
Monjolinho River and its tributaries (SP)
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
Abstract in English

In this study, we investigated the occurrence of pharmaceuticals (naproxen, paracetamol, diclofenac, 17β-estradiol, sulfametazine, sulfadimethoxine and sulfathiazole) and personal care product (methylparaben) in surface water samples from the Itapecuru River (MA), Mogi Guaçu River (SP) and the Monjolinho River and its tributaries (SP). The river waters were characterized by physical and chemical parameters, the analytes were isolated and preconcentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and subsequently analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QqTOF/MS). The chromatographic method presented coefficients of determination higher than 0.99 and linear ranges of 50 - 400 µg L-1. The limits of detection and quantification were 16 µg L-1 and 50 µg L-1, respectively, for all the analytes. Recovery values were 50 - 99 %, intraday precision were 0.26 - 6.99%, and accuracy were 88.45 - 103.07%. In the samples from Monjolinho River and its tributaries the maximum concentrations of paracetamol, methylparaben and naproxen were 143.97, 75.90, and 56.18 µg L-1, respectively. In the samples collected in Mogi Guaçu River (SP), methylparaben and naproxen were only detected, as well as methylparaben in the Rio Itapecuru (MA), since their concentrations were below the limit of quantification of the method. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the variables dissolved oxygen (OD) and total organic carbon (TOC) are highly correlated to the high concentrations of drugs and methylparaben found in the samples, as well as explaining the spatio-temporal variability in the concentrations. Species sensitivity distribution curves (SSD) were built and they indicated that different sensitivities are obtained depending on the specie and the analyte which it was exposed, evidencing that the presence of pharmaceuticals and methylparaben in the aquatic environment can cause imbalance in the food chain. Therefore, this study provides important analytical and ecotoxicological informations on emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment, which can be used as a database for the elaboration of a new legislation to restrict the entry of these compounds into aquatic bodies.

 
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Publishing Date
2018-03-21
 
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