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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.75.2023.tde-17102023-113456
Document
Author
Full name
Felipe Cardoso Prado Martins
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Montanari, Carlos Alberto (President)
Costa, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro
Jurberg, Igor Dias
Klein, Christian
Schwab, Ricardo Samuel
Title in Portuguese
Planejamento, síntese e relações estrutura atividade de inibidores de cisteíno proteases e de agentes anti-Trypanosoma cruzi
Keywords in Portuguese
planejamento de candidatos a fármaco
química medicinal
relações estrutura-atividade
síntese de heterocíclos
síntese de peptídeos
Abstract in Portuguese
Desenvolver um novo fármaco é um desafio. Requer muito esforço de diferentes especialistas e muitos investimentos financeiros e demorados. No entanto, tratamentos novos ou mais eficazes são urgentemente necessários para doenças antigas e novas. Ao empregar diferentes métodos em Química Medicinal, como Target-Based Drug Discovery e Phenotypic Drug Discovery, podemos avançar a pesquisa neste campo e gerar potenciais novos tratamentos, ou candidatos a fármacos para uma série de doenças, como doenças parasitárias e virais. Esta tese discute o planejamento, síntese e avaliação bioquímica (ou biológica) de compostos peptidomiméticos e de moléculas pequenas. O Neq0989, um composto dipeptidil inédito à base de prolina, foi concebido como inibidor da cruzaína, uma cisteíno protease do Trypanosoma cruzi, que não apresentou afinidade por esse inibidor. No entanto, exibiu uma excelente afinidade pela catepsina K de humanos, associada a processos de reabsorção óssea. Inibidores capazes de atuar sobre a catepsina L de humanos e a cisteíno protease B de Leishmania mexicana também foram avaliados, produzindo compostos contendo um espaçador em P3 para os quais ambas as enzimas apresentaram alta afinidade. Compostos à base de treonina também foram concebidos e sintetizados como inibidores da catepsina B, resultando em um composto muito seletivo, o Neq1085. Devido ao advento do COVID-19, o foco mudou para uma protease viral atual e crucial, SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, uma enzima estritamente relacionada à progressão viral da doença. Novamente utilizamos compostos dipeptidil e tripeptidil à base de prolina, que foram mais eficazes na inibição dessa enzima. Esses compostos têm estrutura semelhante a fármacos existentes no mercado, como boceprevir e nirmatrelvir. Ao empregar substituintes no anel da prolina, é possível que nossos compostos sejam metabolicamente mais estáveis do que ambos. O Neq1233 foi o composto mais promissor desta série, com uma afinidade mais significativa que seu composto parental (Neq1184). Além disso, relatamos o desenho e a síntese de novos compostos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi baseados em quinolina. O Neq1112 foi avaliado in vitro em diferentes cepas do parasito, e pôde cessar a infecção com valores superiores ao Neq0720, a molécula protótipo, e ao benznidazol, o tratamento atual disponível. O ensaio in vivo resultou em atividade tripanocida, tornando o Neq1112 um excelente candidato a fármaco para desenvolvimento pré-clínico ulterior.
Title in English
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of cysteine protease inhibitors and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents
Keywords in English
design of drug candidates
heterocycle synthesis
medicinal chemistry
peptide synthesis
structure-activity relationships
Abstract in English
Developing a new drug is a challenging endeavor. It requires much effort from different specialists and a lot of financial and time-consuming investments. However, new or more effective treatments are urgently needed for old and new diseases. By employing different methods in Medicinal Chemistry, such as Target-Based Drug Discovery and Phenotypic Drug Discovery, we can advance research in this field and generate potential new treatments, or drug candidates for several parasitic and viral diseases. This thesis discusses the design, synthesis and biochemical (or biological) evaluation of peptidomimetic compounds and small molecules. Neq0989, an unprecedented proline-based dipeptidyl compound, was conceived as an inhibitor of cruzain, a cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, and did not show an affinity for this target. Due to our investigation of cysteine proteases as therapeutic targets, we discovered a notable binding affinity between Neq0989 and human cathepsin K, a key enzyme involved in bone resorption processes. Inhibitors capable of acting on human cathepsin L and Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease B were also evaluated, producing compounds containing a spacer in P3 that showed a high affinity for both enzymes. Threonine-based compounds have also been designed and synthesized as cathepsin B inhibitors, resulting in a very selective compound, Neq1085. Owing to the advent of COVID-19, the focus was shifted to a current and central viral protease, SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, an enzyme closely related to viral disease progression. Again, we used proline-based dipeptidyl and tripeptidyl compounds, which effectively inhibited this enzyme. These compounds are similar in structure to existing drugs, such as boceprevir and nirmatrelvir. Neq1233 was the most promising compound in this series, with a more significant affinity than its parent compound (Neq1184). Furthermore, we report the design and synthesis of new quinoline-based anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds. Neq1112 was evaluated in vitro in different parasite strains, and it can stop the infection with EC50 values better than Neq0720, the prototype molecule, and benznidazole, the currently available treatment for Chagas disease. The in vivo assays resulted in trypanocidal activity, making Neq1112 an excellent drug candidate for late preclinical development.
 
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Release Date
2025-08-11
Publishing Date
2023-10-18
 
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