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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.74.2022.tde-31012023-111028
Document
Author
Full name
Samuel Henrique Gomes de Sá
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Pirassununga, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Favaro-Trindade, Carmen Silvia (President)
Alencar, Severino Matias de
Azeredo, Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de
Title in Portuguese
Estudo da combinação das técnicas de spray drying e spray chilling para encapsulação de extrato de própolis vermelha
Keywords in Portuguese
Spray chilling
Spray drying
Estabilidade
Fenólicos
Flavonoides
Formononetina
Microencapsulação
Própolis vermelha
Abstract in Portuguese
Própolis é uma resina natural complexa produzida por abelhas operárias. O último tipo de própolis identificado foi encontrado na região Nordeste e classificado como própolis vermelha brasileira. Tal material é de grande interesse comercial, todavia, para sua aplicação em alimentos, a presença do álcool é indesejável, bem como características sensoriais muito marcantes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi microencapsular extrato de própolis vermelha utilizando as técnicas de spray drying e spray chilling e, em seguida, combinar as técnicas recobrindo parte das partículas obtidas por spray drying utilizando a técnica de spray chilling. Os pós, produzidos por ambas as técnicas e pela associação delas, foram avaliados quanto ao tamanho e distribuição das partículas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, cor instrumental, estabilidade de fenólicos, flavonoides e a formononetina durante 60 dias de armazenamento e estudo da liberação da formononetina em meio gastrointestinal simulado. Os resultados obtidos para distribuição de tamanho mostraram partículas obtidas por spray drying com diâmetros médios de volume variando de 21,88 a 66,03 µm, partículas obtidas por spray chilling variando entre 222,53 e 286,74 µm e partículas recobertas com diâmetros de volume entre 146,56 e 215,15 µm, dependendo da proporção do coadjuvante utilizado. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura evidenciou que todas as partículas apresentaram característica do tipo matriz, com formatos variados entre os tratamentos e que frações das partículas obtidas por spray drying não foram devidamente recobertas pela combinação das técnicas. A avaliação da cor mostrou que a diferença de cor ao longo do período estudado foi menor nas partículas recobertas e maior nas partículas obtidas por spray chilling. O ensaio de estabilidade demonstrou que a microencapsulação do extrato de própolis vermelha pelas técnicas estudadas é eficiente na proteção dos compostos fenólicos, flavonoides totais e a formononetina do extrato ao longo do período analisado. Já o estudo da liberação em meio gastrointestinal simulado mostrou perfis de liberação bem distintos entre as partículas nas três fases analisadas (oral, gástrica e intestinal), com as partículas obtidas por spray drying tendo a liberação de formononetina concentrada na fase oral, enquanto que as partículas obtidas por spray chilling mostraram liberação concentrada na fase intestinal e as partículas recobertas mostrando liberação crescente ao longo do ensaio com o máximo na fase intestinal. Como conclusão, tem-se que a utilização das técnicas de microencapsulação por spray drying, spray chilling e a combinação delas resultam em partículas com características, níveis de proteção durante armazenagem e perfil de liberação dos compostos encapsulados bem distintos entre si, abrindo, para cada uma delas, um leque de possibilidades de aplicações na indústria alimentícia ou farmacêutica.
Title in English
Stability study of microencapsulated red propolis extract by spray drying and spray chilling
Keywords in English
Flavonoids
Formononetine
Microencapsulation
Phenolics
Red propolis
Spray chilling
Spray drying
Stability
Abstract in English
Propolis is a complex natural resin produced by worker bees. The last type of propolis identified was found in the Northeast region and classified as Brazilian red propolis. Such material is of great commercial interest, however, for its application in food, the presence of alcohol is undesirable, as well as very striking sensory characteristics. In this context, the objective of this work was to microencapsulate red propolis extract using spray drying and spray chilling techniques and then combine the techniques by covering part of the particles obtained by spray drying using the spray chilling technique. The powders produced by both techniques and their association were evaluated for particle size and distribution, scanning electron microscopy, instrumental color, stability of phenolics, flavonoids and formononetin during 60 days of storage and to study the release of formononetin under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The results obtained for size distribution showed particles obtained by spray drying with average volume diameters ranging from 21.88 to 66.03 µm, particles obtained by spray chilling ranging between 222.53 and 286.74 µm and coated particles with diameters volume between 146.56 and 215.15 µm, depending on the proportion of adjuvant used. Scanning electron microscopy showed that all particles presented a matrix type characteristic, with different formats between treatments and that fractions of particles obtained by spray drying were not properly covered by the combination of techniques. The color evaluation showed that the color difference over the period studied was smaller in the coated particles and greater in the particles obtained by spray chilling. The stability assay showed that the microencapsulation of the red propolis extract by the studied techniques is efficient protecting the phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and the formononetin of the extract throughout the analyzed period. The study of the release under simulated gastrointestinal conditions showed very different release profiles between the particles in the three analyzed phases (oral, gastric and intestinal), with the particles obtained by spray drying having the release of concentrated formononetin in the oral phase, while the particles obtained by spray drying obtained by spray chilling showed concentrated release in the intestinal phase and the coated particles showing increasing release throughout the assay with the maximum in the intestinal phase. In conclusion, the use of microencapsulation techniques by spray drying, spray chilling and their combination results in particles with characteristics, levels of protection during storage and release profile of the encapsulated compounds that are very different from each other, opening, for each one of them, a range of application possibilities in the food or pharmaceutical industry.
 
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ME9006771COR.pdf (1.42 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2023-01-31
 
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