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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.64.2005.tde-02022006-175649
Document
Author
Full name
Antonio Sampaio Baptista
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2005
Supervisor
Committee
Abdalla, Adibe Luiz (President)
Domingues, Maria Antonia Calori
Fonseca, Homero
Horii, Jorge
Walder, Julio Marcos Melges
 
Title in Portuguese
Saccharomyces cerevisiae na redução de aflatoxicoses e o efeito na distribuição e na excreção da radioatividade de AFB13H em ratos
Keywords in Portuguese
Aflatoxina
Controle biológico
Ensaio biológico
Leveduras
Metabolismo
Radioisótopos
Abstract in Portuguese
Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes linhagens de leveduras, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, vivas, na redução de aflatoxicoses e, contribuir para o entendimento do modo de ação destas leveduras sobre aflatoxina B1 marcada com trítio (AFB13H), foram conduzidos três experimentos. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados ratos Wistar para investigar o efeito de duas linhagens de S. cerevisiae (Y1026 e Y904), e da suplementação com aminoácidos na redução de aflatoxicoses. O bioensaio, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, foi conduzido por 28 dias para avaliar sete tratamentos (dietas), sendo um livre de aflatoxinas e seis contendo 400g kg-1 de aflatoxinas; destes, cinco com leveduras, a saber: Y1026 (níveis de 0,5; 1,0 e 5,0%) e Y904 (níveis de 1% e 1%+1000ppm de metionina + 1000 ppm de cisteína). Não foram observadas diferenças estatistiticamente significativas no consumo de alimentos, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e função hepática entre os animais submetidos aos diferentes tratamentos. No entanto, o exame histopatológico revelou que os animais que receberam aflatoxinas sem leveduras sofreram danos mais severos em relação aos que receberam aflatoxinas juntamente com leveduras, os quais apresentaram poucos danos celulares. Conclui-se que, as duas linhagens de leveduras em todas as situações estudadas apresentaram capacidade de reduzir as aflatoxicoses. O segundo ensaio foi conduzido com o objetivo de investigar o efeito de diferentes doses da levedura Y1026 no controle de aflatoxicoses em ratos. Neste bioensaio, os animais foram distribuídos em gaiolas individuais ao acaso, e foram submetidos a 7 tratamentos (dietas) por 60 dias, sendo uma sem aflatoxinas e seis contaminadas com 550 g kg-1 de aflatoxinas, das quais cinco contendo a levedura Y1026 (doses: 0,2; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 5,0%). Foram realizadas análises sobre o aproveitamento do alimento, funções hepáticas e tecido hepático. O consumo de alimentos pelos animais alimentados com dieta livre de aflatoxinas foi maior do que pelos animais que receberam dietas contaminadas com a toxina, os demais parâmetros para julgamento do aproveitamento dos alimentos não diferiram estatisticamente entre os animais que foram submetidos a ambos os tratamentos. A atividade de enzimas hepáticas foi maior nos animais que não receberam a toxina do que nos demais. O exame histopatológico revelou que os animais que receberam aflatoxinas e aflatoxinas mais 0,2 ou 0,5% da levedura apresentaram sinais claros de hepatotoxidez e que os demais animais que ingeriram os níveis mais altos da levedura sofreram poucos danos celulares. Conclui-se que, a dose de levedura Y1026 aplicada foi determinante na redução das aflatoxicoses em ratos Wistar. No último bioensaio, trinta ratos foram alimentados por 28 dias seguindo-se quatro tratamentos (dietas): uma dieta livre de aflatoxinas e as outras três contaminadas com 500 g kg 1 de aflatoxina, sendo uma o controle com aflatoxinas e as outras duas na presença de 1% de levedura Y1026 ou Y904. No 18º dia, seis animais de cada um dos tratamentos que recebiam aflatoxinas foram transferidos para gaiolas metabólicas, onde permaneceram por cinco dias em adaptação e, no 23º dia, estes receberam, por via oral, uma dose simples de 2Ci/animal de AFB13H. Os animais restantes (três ratos em cada um dos tratamentos) foram utilizados nos exames histopatológicos. A radioatividade foi determinada 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas após a introdução do material radioativo nos animais. Os animais que receberam dietas contendo as leveduras apresentaram a absorção, a distribuição e a excreção da radioatividade mais lenta do que aqueles que não receberam os probióticos. O exame histopatológico revelou que os animais que ingeriram leveduras sofreram poucos danos celulares e que aqueles que não receberam levedura foram muito afetados. As leveduras apresentaram habilidade de reduzir aflatoxicoses e modificaram a absorção, a distribuição e a excreção da radioatividade de AFB13H em ratos Wistar.
 
Title in English
The capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to reduce aflatoxicosis and its effect on the distribution and excretion of AFB13H in rats
Keywords in English
aflatoxin
bioassay
biological control
metabolism
radioisotopes
yeasts
Abstract in English
The capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from two Strain, to reduce aflatoxicosis and the effect of yeast cells on tritium-labeled B1 aflatoxin (AFB13H) were investigated in three distinct studies. The effects of S. cerevisiae Y1026 and Y904 strains and diets amended with amino acids on the reduction of aflatoxicosis in Wistar rats were evaluated in the first study. A completely randomized block-designed bioassay with Wistar rats was conducted to evaluate seven formulations (Treatments), which consisted of an aflatoxin-free formulation and six formulations with 400 g kg-1 of aflatoxins. Of these, three formulations had the yeast strain Y1026 (at 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0%) and two had the strain Y904 (at 1% and 1%+1000ppm of methionine + 1000 ppm of cysteine). No statistical differences were observed for the food consumption, weights of the body organs, feed conversion and liver function between the animals fed the different treatments. Histopathological analysis revealed that animals fed aflatoxins diet without yeast cells had liver damage caused by the toxins and those that were fed aflatoxin-diet amended with yeast cells had less liver tissue damage. Therefore, the results obtained suggested that the presence of either yeast strain in the formulations caused a reduction in aflatoxicosis. The second study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dosages of the yeast strain Y1026 on the control of aflatoxicosis in rats. The bioassay was conducted with rats randomly placed in individual cages and fed seven different diets (7 treatments) for 60 days. These were an aflatoxin-free formulation and six others containing aflatoxins at 550 g kg-1, of which five had the yeast strain Y1026 (concentrations at 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 5%). Feed conversion, liver functions indexes and liver tissue parameters were evaluated. The activity of the liver enzymes was greater in animals that fed the toxin-free diet when compared to other animals. Histopathological analysis showed that animals fed aflatoxin containing diets with and without 0.2 or 0.5% yeast cells showed clear signs of hepatotoxicity, while animals that were fed diets with higher concentrations of yeast cells had less liver tissue damage. The concentration of the yeast cells (Y1026) used in the formulations was correlated with the reduction of aflatoxicosis in Wistar rats. The third study fed Wistar rats an aflatoxin-free diet and diets with aflatoxins (at 500 g kg 1) and aflatoxin amended with a 1% concentration of the yeast strains Y1026 or Y904. In this study, six animals from each group fed the aflatoxin-diets were transferred to metabolic cages and received a single oral dose of AFB13H at 2Ci/animal. Three animals of each treatment were kept at the initial conditions and their liver tissues were used for histopathological analysis. Radiation levels in the animals were monitored at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after receiving the labeled aflatoxin. Animals fed diets with active yeast cells had absorption, distribution and excretion levels of the labeled toxin different than those that did not receive the probiotic. Histopathological analysis showed that animals fed diets with yeast cells had less liver tissue damage while those fed the aflatoxin-diet had significantly higher liver damage. Therefore, these results indicate that active yeast cells have the ability to reduce aflatoxicosis and modify the absorption, distribution and excretion of radioactivity from AFB13H in Wistar rats.
 
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Publishing Date
2006-06-30
 
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