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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.61.2023.tde-25042023-163940
Document
Author
Full name
Thiago Silva Messias
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Bauru, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Soares, Simone (President)
Silva, Kaique Cesar de Paula
Ullmann, Leila Sabrina
Vieira, Narciso Almeida
Title in Portuguese
O potencial dos vírus como etiologia de fator ambiental em fissuras orofaciais
Keywords in Portuguese
Etiologia
Fenda labial
Fissura orofacial
Fissura palatina
Vírus
Abstract in Portuguese
Vírus são organismos parasitas acelulares que infectam todos os ramos da árvore da vida. Associados majoritariamente às doenças humanas, também são agentes de infecções congênitas, com seu potencial patogênico ainda incerto, e nem de longe totalmente explorado. As fissuras orofaciais (FOs) são malformações congênitas ocasionadas pelo não fusionamento tecidual durante o período embrionário. Sua etiologia complexa e multifatorial (FOs não sindrômicas) também seguem em exploração, raras quando relacionadas a vírus. Portanto nosso objetivo foi analisar o potencial de atuação dos vírus que infectam a espécie Homo sapiens como etiologia ambiental de FOs de forma histórica e coevolutiva. Para a parte histórica foi realizada uma revisão de literatura e para a parte experimental foi desenvolvido e adaptado um score para avaliação qualitativa do potencial viral de causar fissuras orofaciais, considerando aspectos de literatura, similaridade nucleotídica, similaridade de aminoácidos e presença de Endogenous Viral Elements (EVEs). Para tal foram utilizados os diversos pacotes algoritmos do software Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) e os bancos de dados do National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) e do International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Concluímos que a história dos vírus e das anomalias, em especial as FOs de forma isolada, são extensas e remontam as diversas mitologias, todavia a temática da relação entre os vírus e FOs, não contém muitos dados históricos científicos e possuem ainda um longo caminho a ser investigado, principalmente no que se refere aos aspectos etiológicos. Na questão experimental evidenciamos que há um potencial nas classes virais de Baltimore I, III e V com diferença significante para as classes II e IV (classes virais de acordo com seus processos de biossintese, divididos de I a VII). Independente da estratégia de biossíntese, vinte espécies virais apresentaram significância: Human coronavirus NL63, Rio Negro virus, Torque teno virus 12, Brisavirus, Cosavirus B, Torque teno mini virus 4, Primate bocaparvovirus 2, Human coronavirus HKU1, Monkeypox virus, Machupo mammarenavirus, Volepox virus, Souris mammarenavirus, Gammapapillomavirus 7, Influenza B virus, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus, Ledantevirus kern, Influenza C virus, Betapolyomavirus hominis, Vesiculovirus perinet, Human betaherpesvirus 5. Também inferimos uma história coevolutiva indireta associando vírus e FOs (presença de EVEs) com os herpesvírus, papilomavírus e poxvírus que podem anteceder em períodos de até dezesseis milhões de anos atrás. Enfatizamos que o potencial etiológico viral em FOs é evidente, porém necessita de investigações retrospectivas e prospectivas com metodologias atuais e adequadas, para que não ocorranegligências nessa nova linha de pesquisa, bem como possa trazer novas possibilidades de prevenção.
Title in English
The potential of viruses as etiological agents of orofacial clefts
Keywords in English
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
Etiology
Orofacial cleft
Viruses
Abstract in English
Viruses are acellular parasitic organisms that infect all branches of the tree of life. Mostly associated with human diseases, they are also agents of congenital infections, with their pathogenic potential in relation to anomalies uncertain and far from fully explored. Orofacial clefts (CL/P) are congenital malformations caused by the non-fusion of tissue during the embryonic period. Its complex and multifactorial etiology (non-syndromic CL/P) also continues to be explored, rare when related to viruses. Therefore, our objective was to analyze the potential of the viruses that infect the species Homo sapiens as an environmental etiology of CL/P in a historical and co-evolutionary way. For the historical most part, a literature review was carried out and for the experimental part, a score was developed and adapted for the qualitative assessment of the viral potential to cause CL/P, considering aspects of the literature, nucleotide similarity, amino acid similarity, and presence of Endogenous Viral Elements (EVEs). For this, the various algorithm packages of the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) software and the databases of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) were used. We conclude that the history of viruses and anomalies, especially CL/P only, is extensive and goes back to different mythologies, however, the theme of the relationship between viruses and orofacial clefts does not contain much scientific historical data and still has a long way to go to be investigated, mainly with regard to etiological aspects. In the experimental question, we showed that there is a greater potential in the Baltimore viral classes I, III, and V related with the classes II and IV (viral classes according to their biosynthesis processes, divided from I to VII). Regardless of the biosynthesis strategy, twenty viral species were significant, they were: Human coronavirus NL63, Rio Negro virus, Torque teno virus 12, Brisavirus, Cosavirus B, Torque teno mini virus 4, Primate bocaparvovirus 2, Human coronavirus HKU1, Monkeypox virus, Machupo mammarenavirus, Volepox virus, Souris mammarenavirus, Gammapapillomavirus 7, Influenza B virus, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus, Ledantevirus kern, Influenza C virus, Betapolyomavirus hominis, Vesiculovirus perinet, Human betaherpesvirus 5. We also infer an indirect co-evolutionary history associating viruses and CL/P (presence of EVEs), with herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, and poxviruses that may predate periods of up to sixteen million years ago. We emphasize that the viral etiological potential in CL/P is evident, but requires retrospective and prospective investigations with newand adequate methodologies so that this new line of research does not become negligent, as well as it can bring new possibilities for prevention.
 
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Release Date
2025-02-28
Publishing Date
2023-06-28
 
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