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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.60.2022.tde-25082023-090154
Document
Author
Full name
Eduarda Antunes Moreira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Lopes, Norberto Peporine (President)
Costa, Fernando Batista da
Mello, João Carlos Palazzo de
Paula, Daniela Aparecida Chagas de
Title in Portuguese
Estudo metabolômico de bactérias marinhas: avaliação das atividades larvicida e citotóxica de seus extratos
Keywords in Portuguese
Anticâncer
Inseticida
Metabolômica
Microrganismos marinhos
Abstract in Portuguese
O ambiente marinho cobre aproximadamente 70% da superfície da Terra e seus componentes desenvolvem capacidades metabólicas e fisiológicas únicas, o que culmina na produção de compostos com grande diversidade química e potencial biotecnológico. Devido à imensidão desta biosfera, a maior parte dos microrganismos que nela habitam ainda permanece inexplorada. Ainda assim, milhares de substâncias com amplo espectro de atividades biológicas e propriedades medicinais proeminentes já foram isolados a partir destes organismos, que seguem sendo consideradas as fontes mais promissoras para a descoberta de novos compostos químicos e terapêuticos. A partir daí, e considerando que anualmente milhões de novos casos de câncer e de infecção por dengue são reportados ao redor do mundo - muitos destes resultando em morte - o objetivo deste projeto foi buscar substâncias potencialmente ativas contra linhagens de células tumorais de cólon (HCT 116) e/ou contra larvas L3 do mosquito Aedes aegypti em extratos provenientes de bactérias marinhas. Para isso, buscou-se determinar o perfil metabólico destas bactérias a partir da aplicação de cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas em sequência (CLAE-EM/EM) e ferramentas computacionais de desreplicação disponíveis na plataforma Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS). Foram analisadas 266 cepas isoladas a partir de sedimento no litoral do estado de São Paulo, na Antártica e no mar profundo do sudeste brasileiro, de ascídias encontradas no Atol das Rocas e de cnidários encontrados no litoral paulista. Inicialmente, os extratos preparados a partir destas bactérias foram analisados por CLAE-EM/EM e submetidos a ensaios biológicos para o teste das duas atividades em questão. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos ensaios biológicos mostram que 19% dos extratos analisados apresentaram atividade larvicida contra o Aedes aegypti, e 35% apresentaram atividade citotóxica diante da linhagem de células tumorais de cólon. Na análise química das cepas que apresentaram atividade larvicida foi possível observar uma relação entre a taxonomia e o perfil químico dos microrganismos coletados em regiões próximas, além da presença de compostos potencialmente ativos pertencentes a diferentes classes químicas, especialmente lipopetídeos e terpenos. Na busca por compostos citotóxicos foi possível reafirmar a importância dos derivados indolcarbazólicos, com a observação tanto de estruturas conhecidas e comumente observadas, como a estaurosporina, quanto de derivados menos estudados, como as holirinas, em extratos considerados ativos. Uma análise das cepas em relação aos seus locais de coleta indicou, ainda, que a origem geográfica dos microrganismos também pode interferir em seu perfil metabólico. Por fim, as ferramentas do GNPS indicaram uma grande diversidade de metabólitos secundários produzidos pelas cepas estudadas, apontando para a predominância de compostos esteroidais e peptídeos cíclicos entre as classes químicas observadas.
Title in English
Marine bacteria metabolomics: evaluation of larvicidal and cytotoxic activities of their extracts
Keywords in English
Anticancer
Insecticide
Marine microorganisms
Metabolomics
Abstract in English
The marine environment covers approximately 70% of the Earth's surface and its components develop unique metabolic and physiological capabilities, which culminate in the production of compounds with great chemical diversity and biotechnological potential. Due to this biosphere's greatness, most of the microorganisms that inhabit it remain unexplored. Nevertheless, thousands of substances with a broad spectrum of biological activities and outstanding medicinal properties have already been isolated from these organisms, which continue to be considered the most promising sources for the discovery of new chemical and therapeutic compounds. Considering that and the fact that, annually, millions of new cases of cancer and dengue infection are reported around the world - many of them resulting in death - the main objective of this project was to search for substances potentially active against a colon tumor cell line (HCT 116) and/or against L3 larvae of the Aedes aegypti mosquito in marine bacteria extracts. Aiming that, the metabolic profile of these bacteria was determined through the application of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and computational dereplication tools available on the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. A total of 266 strains isolated from sediments on the coast of São Paulo state, in Antarctica and in the deep sea of southeastern Brazil, from ascidians found in Rocas Atoll and from cnidarians found in the coast of São Paulo, were used in this study. Initially, the extracts prepared from these bacteria were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and submitted to biological assays to test the biological activities of interest. The results obtained from the biological assays show that 19% of the analyzed extracts showed larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, and 35% showed cytotoxic activity against the colon tumor cell line. In the chemical analysis of the larvicidal strains, a relationship between the taxonomy and the chemical profile of microorganisms collected in the same region was observed, in addition to the presence of potentially active compounds belonging to different chemical classes, especially lipopeptides and terpenes. In the search for cytotoxic compounds, it was possible to reaffirm the importance of indolecarbazole derivatives, with the observation of known and commonly observed structures, such as staurosporine, and less studied derivatives, such as holyrines, in extracts considered active. The analysis of the strains relatively to their collection sites indicated that the geographic origin of the microorganisms can also interfere with their metabolic profile. Finally, the GNPS tools indicated a great diversity of secondary metabolites produced by the studied strains, pointing to the predominance of steroidal compounds and cyclic peptides among the observed chemical classes.
 
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Release Date
2024-11-04
Publishing Date
2023-09-18
 
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