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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.6.2023.tde-11092023-181352
Document
Author
Full name
Renata Bombine Pimentel
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Zioni, Fabiola (President)
Atem, Lou Muniz
Macedo, Luciano Sanfilippo de
Title in Portuguese
Pandemia de COVID-19 e o distanciamento social: os dizeres dos adolescentes e o sofrimento psíquico e social
Keywords in Portuguese
Adolescência
Distanciamento Social
Saúde Mental
Sofrimento Psíquico
Sofrimento Social
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 causada pelo SARS-CoV-2 impôs como medida sanitária o distanciamento social, modificando a rotina, o modo de vida e o comportamento dos indivíduos. De acordo com a literatura especializada, as implicações de tais circunstâncias em adolescentes poderiam ser maiores no aspecto psicossocial, principalmente diante das iniquidades sociais que caracterizam o contexto histórico-social brasileiro. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto, no âmbito do sofrimento psíquico e/ou social, do distanciamento social vivenciado no período da pandemia de COVID-19 por adolescentes na faixa etária dos 12 aos 14, estudantes de escolas públicas da cidade de São Paulo. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Foram realizadas 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas com adolescentes entre 12 e 14 anos, em duas escolas públicas estaduais situadas na cidade de São Paulo, de acordo com os aspectos éticos necessários e com o preenchimento de um questionário pelos pais/responsáveis. O material produzido em campo foi analisado a partir da técnica Análise de Conteúdo Temática, de Bardin, à luz da abordagem psicanalítica e da pesquisa social. Resultados: Com base na análise temática dos resultados foi possível identificar que houve a manifestação de sentimentos negativos, como solidão, raiva, ansiedade, culpa, tristeza, tédio, medo, além das rupturas causadas pelas mortes de entes queridos e animais domésticos, mudanças de domicílio, de país, separação dos pais etc. Atualmente, alguns adolescentes consideram esses sentimentos elaborados. Outros contaram com a rede de apoio, como mãe e amigos, para superá-los. Houve a menção por parte de alguns adolescentes da necessidade de assistência de um profissional durante a pandemia, sendo que alguns aguardam por um agendamento pelo Sistema único de Saúde (SUS). Foram citadas também mudanças positivas nos relacionamentos interpessoais, amadurecimento. Conclusões: Considera-se que o distanciamento social causado pela pandemia de COVID-19 pode provocar sofrimento psíquico e/ou social nos adolescentes e que estudos e a elaboração de políticas públicas devem ser desenvolvidos pensando no bem-estar físico, psíquico e social dessa população, incluindo as lacunas deixadas no período. E, principalmente, que as políticas já existentes sejam efetivadas. Espaços de escuta e compartilhamento destinados a tal população são essenciais para contribuir com a elucidação das suas demandas e dos seus desenvolvimentos.
Title in English
The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing: the sayings of adolescents and the psychic and social suffering
Keywords in English
Adolescence
Mental Health
Psychic Suffering
Social Distancing
Social Suffering
Abstract in English
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, imposed social distancing as one of its sanitary protocols, modifying the routine, the way of life and the behavior of individuals. According to the specialized literature, the implications of such circumstances in adolescents could be greater in the psychosocial aspect, mainly due to the social inequities that characterize the brazilian historical-social context. Objectives: To investigate the impact, in the context of psychic and/or social suffering, that living under social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic had on public school students of the city of São Paulo, aged 12 to 14 years old. Methodology: It is a qualitative research. 20 semi structured interviews were performed with adolescents aged 12 to 14 years old, in two public state schools located in the city of São Paulo. All the necessary ethical requirements were followed, with the consent of their parents/guardians, who filled a questionnaire. The material produced on the field was analyzed using the Thematic Content Analysis technique, created by Bardin, according to the principles of the psychoanalytic approach and social research. Results: Utilizing the results from the thematic analysis as a basis, it was possible to identify the manifestation of negative emotions, such as solitude, anger, anxiety, guilt, sadness, boredom, fear, plus the ruptures brought by the loss of close relatives and pets, moving houses, moving country, parents divorcing, and so on. Currently, some adolescents consider these feelings to have been elaborated. Others had the aid of a support network, such as their mother or their friends, in order to overcome them. A few adolescents mentioned that the assistance from a professional was needed during the pandemic, and a few of them still wait for appointments on the Sistema Único de Sáude (SUS - Single Health System) to be scheduled. Positive changes on interpersonal relationships were also cited, as well as maturing. Conclusions: It is considered that the social distancing imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic can provoke psychic and/or social suffering on adolescents and that studies and public policies that target the physical, psychic and social wellbeing of that population must be developed, including research that fill the gaps left during that period. And, most of all, that already existing policies must be acted upon. Designated safe spaces which allow this population to share their feelings and be listened to are essential to understand and shine a light on their demands and needs.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-09-11
 
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