• JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
 
  Bookmark and Share
 
 
Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.6.2022.tde-13092022-130746
Document
Author
Full name
Marcus Vinicius Lucio dos Santos Quaresma
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Ribeiro, Sandra Maria Lima (President)
Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
Oliveira, Erick Prado de
Silva, Vivian Helena Iida Avelino da
Title in Portuguese
Fatores relacionados à sarcopenia em pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana
Keywords in Portuguese
Antirretrovirais
Força Muscular
HIV
Músculo Esquelético
Sarcopenia
Abstract in Portuguese
As terapias antirretrovirais (TARVs) aumentaram a expectativa de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV). Contudo, os efeitos residuais do HIV e a toxicidade das TARVs parecem prejudicar a integridade do músculo esquelético (ME), deixando as PVHIV mais suscetíveis à sarcopenia. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram: (i) compreender os mecanismos fisiopatológicos que explicam o motivo pelo qual PVHIV são mais suscetíveis à sarcopenia; (ii) rastrear entre as PVHIV e que não vivem com HIV (PNVHIV) a prevalência de estar sob risco de sarcopenia, a qualidade de vida relacionada à sarcopenia e os fatores associados; (iii) verificar a prevalência de sarcopenia e dinapenia entre as PVHIV, comparar os componentes da sarcopenia em relação às PNVHIV e verificar os fatores associados aos componentes da sarcopenia; (iv) identificar na literatura científica os estudos que avaliaram o efeito de intervenções nutricionais sobre os parâmetros relacionados ao ME de PVHIV. Assim, quatro artigos foram redigidos para responder cada um dos objetivos descritos acima, incluindo uma revisão narrativa (RN), dois estudos transversais e uma revisão sistemática (RS). Para a RN, estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos foram identificados no MEDLINE/PubMed utilizando as palavras-chave "HIV", "Sarcopenia" e "Antirretrovirais". Nos estudos de delineamento transversal, foram avaliadas PVHIV atendidas no Serviço de Extensão ao Atendimento de Pacientes HIV/AIDS que foram comparadas às PNVHIV. No inquérito virtual foram aplicados o SARC-F e o SarQoL® para identificar a prevalência de estar sob risco de sarcopenia (≥ 4 pontos) e a qualidade de vida relacionada à sarcopenia (abaixo da mediana do escore geral), respectivamente. No estudo presencial foram avaliados a força de preensão manual (FPM), o índice de massa magra apendicular (IMMA), a velocidade de marcha (VM) e os fatores associados à sarcopenia. Em seguida, foi comparada a prevalência de sarcopenia, dinapenia e obesidade dinapênica entre as PVHIV e PNVHIV. Ambos os estudos foram compostos por homens e mulheres com idade ≥18 anos, residentes no estado de São Paulo. Finalmente, a RS foi registrada no prospero CRD42019139981 e seguiu os critérios PICOS para condução da busca. Os dados da RN revelaram que fatores como a inflamação sistêmica, desordens metabólicas e disfunção mitocondrial proveniente das TARVs aumentam a chance de PVHIV desenvolverem sarcopenia. O inquérito virtual (n= 344; 45,5±13,1 anos; 211 PVHIV) revelou que 10,43% (95 % IC: 6,6 - 15,4%) e 0,75% (95% IC: 1,90e-4 - 4%) das PVHIV e PNVHIV estão sob risco de sarcopenia, respectivamente. Similar, PVHIV apresentam pior qualidade de vida relacionada à sarcopenia e os problemas com o sono (OR 7,343; 95 % IC: 3,261 - 16,536; p< 0,001) e a obesidade (OR 4.945; 95% IC: 1,597 - 15,304; p= 0.006) são os principais fatores positivamente associados, ao passo que a prática regular de exercícios físicos está associada a melhor qualidade de vida relacionada à sarcopenia (OR 0.173; 95% IC: 0,080 - 0,375; p< 0,001). O estudo presencial (n= 70; 45,5±7,73 anos; n= 35 PVHIV) revelou que PVHIV e PNVHIV não atenderam os critérios para sarcopenia; entretanto, as PVHIV apresentaram menor FPM (-6,68 kg; p= 0,005) comparativamente às PNVHIV. Ainda, a razão massa gorda: massa magra foi o principal fator associado à menor FPM (ß= -15,476; p< 0,001). O IMMA não diferiu entre os grupos (-0,138 kg/m2; p= 0,641). Finalmente, na RS, nenhuma intervenção nutricional proposta entre os estudos promoveu aumento da massa muscular em PVHIV.
Title in English
Sarcopenia-relate factors in people living with human immunodeficiency virus
Keywords in English
Antiretroviral
HIV
Muscle Strength
Sarcopenia
Skeletal Muscle
Abstract in English
Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, residual effects of HIV and toxicity from ARTs appear to impair skeletal muscle (SkM) integrity, leaving PLWH more susceptible to sarcopenia. Thus, this study's purpose was: to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain why PLWH are more susceptible to sarcopenia; (ii) to verify among PLWH and not living with HIV (PNLWH) the prevalence of living at risk of sarcopenia, sarcopenia-related quality of life, and associated factors; (iii) to verify the prevalence of sarcopenia and dynapenia among PLWH, to compare the components of sarcopenia with PNVHIV and to verify the factors associated with the features of sarcopenia; (iv) to identify the studies that evaluated the effect of nutritional interventions on the SkM-related parameters. Thus, four articles were written to answer each of the purposes, including one narrative review (NR), two cross-sectional studies, and one systematic review (SR). For the NR, preclinical and clinical studies were identified in MEDLINE/PubMed using the keywords "HIV," "Sarcopenia," and "Antiretrovirals." In the cross-sectional design studies, PLWH was evaluated and compared to PNLWH. In the web-based survey, SARC-F and SarQoL® were applied to identify at risk of sarcopenia (≥ 4 points) prevalence and lower sarcopenia-related quality of life (below overall score median), respectively. In the second study, handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular lean mass index (ApLMI), walking speed (WS), and factors associated with sarcopenia were evaluated. Consequently, the prevalence of sarcopenia, dynapenia, and dynapenic obesity among PLWH and PNLWH was compared. Both studies were composed of men and women aged ≥18 years, residing in the state of São Paulo. Finally, the SR was registered in the PROSPERO CRD42019139981 and followed the PICOS criteria for searching. The data from the NR revealed that factors such as systemic inflammation, metabolic disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction arising from ARTs increase the odds of PLWH being sarcopenic. The web-based survey (n= 344; 45.5±13.1 years; 211 PLHIV) revealed that 10.43% (95% CI: 6.6 - 15.4%) and 0.75% (95% CI: 1.90e-4 - 4%) of PLWH and PNLWH are at risk of sarcopenia, respectively. Similar, PLWH have worse sarcopenia-related quality of life and sleep problems (OR 7.343; 95% CI: 3.261 - 16.536; p< 0.001) and obesity (OR 4.945; 95% CI: 1.597 - 15.304; p= 0.006) are the main positively associated factors, whereas regular exercise is associated with lower odds to poor sarcopenia-related quality of life (OR 0.173; 95% CI: 0.080 - 0.375; p< 0.001). The second transversal study (n= 70; 45.5±7.73 years; n= 35 PLHIV) revealed that PLWH and PNLWH did not meet criteria for sarcopenia; however, PLWH had lower HGS (-6.68 kg; p= 0.005) compared to PNLWH. Also, the fat mass: lean mass ratio was the main factor associated with lower HGS (ß= -15.476; p< 0.001). ApLMI did not differ between groups (-0.138 kg/m2; p= 0.641). Finally, no nutritional intervention in SR promoted increased muscle mass in PLWH.
 
WARNING - Viewing this document is conditioned on your acceptance of the following terms of use:
This document is only for private use for research and teaching activities. Reproduction for commercial use is forbidden. This rights cover the whole data about this document as well as its contents. Any uses or copies of this document in whole or in part must include the author's name.
QuaresmaMVLS_DR.pdf (18.20 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2022-09-13
 
WARNING: Learn what derived works are clicking here.
All rights of the thesis/dissertation are from the authors
CeTI-SC/STI
Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of USP. Copyright © 2001-2024. All rights reserved.