• JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
 
  Bookmark and Share
 
 
Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.6.2022.tde-12042023-163155
Document
Author
Full name
Talita Cestonaro
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Hoffmann, Christian (President)
Miranda, Renata Costa de
Sardá, Fabiana Andréa Hoffmann
Vivolo, Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira
Title in English
Interaction between the gut microbiome and diet in metropolitan Sao Paulo dwellers and rural Amazonian riverine
Keywords in English
Amazon
Diet
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Riverine
Traditional Lifestyle
Abstract in English
We investigated the relationship between the gut microbiome composition and diet of rural Amazonian riverines (AMZ) (n=49) and compared them to urban São Paulo dwellers (SP) (n=55). Diet was measured using 24-hour dietary recalls and assessed using an adaptation of NOVA food classification and nutritional composition. Nutrient intake was adjusted using the residual method. Food patterns were investigated using cluster analysis and main sources of nutrients by visual evaluation of bar charts and heatmaps all based on NOVA subgroups. We determined the gut microbiome composition using 16S rDNA sequencing and QIIME 2. Alpha diversity was determined by richness, Pielous evenness, Shannon diversity and Faiths Phylogenetic diversity. Beta diversity was determined by unweighted and weighted Unifrac distances. Differential taxa were determined by ANCOM, COREMIC and PERMANOVA coefficients. Relation between diet and gut microbiome was done using Procrustes analysis and Spearmans rank correlation. P-values were adjusted using false discovery rate (FDR) and significance was defined at adjusted p-value < 0.05 (q-value). AMZ consumed more natural and minimally processed foods (median: 86,25 vs 62,18, Mann-Whitney p <0,001) while SP consumed more processed and ultra-processed foods (median: 6,4 vs 0, Mann-Whitney p <0,001 and median: 28,96 vs 9,94, Mann-Whitney p <0,001, respectively). NOVA subgroups which most contributed to energy intake among AMZ were fish, cassava products, fried dough and crackers while among SP were milk, beef and pork, rice, industrialized and non-industrialized bread, and goodies. SP had more diverse diet than the AMZ. The consumption of most nutrients was statistically different between the two populations, except for energy, carbohydrate, alcohol, and magnesium. SP and AMZ riverine present different gut microbiome compositions that were related to their different dietary patterns. AMZ showed higher alpha diversity and the overall microbiome structure differed between groups (Unifrac, PERMANOVA: Unweighted, p=0.001; weighted, p=0.001). AMZ showed higher abundance of taxa characteristic of traditional societies like Prevotela, Treponema, Succinivibrio and Muribaculaceae while SP showed higher abundance of taxa characteristic of industrialized societies like Alistipes, Bacteroides, Barnesiela, Odoribacter, Parasutterella, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides. Most differential taxa between populations also presented the strongest significant correlation with diet. Traditional societies taxa positively correlated with AMZ diet specially natural and minimally processed foods, fish, cassava flour, fried dough and their related nutrients like protein, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin D and selenium. Industrialized societies taxa positively correlated with SP westernized diet specially processed and ultra-processed foods, milk, industrialized bread, goodies, meat, vegetables, industrialized sauce, homemade desserts, cheese, rice, read-to-eat food products and their related nutrients like monounsaturated, saturated and trans fats, zinc, sodium, iron, copper, calcium, phosphorus, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin C. AMZ presented Prevotella dominance even having a high animal protein and low fiber diet. Even differences in diet play an important role shaping gut microbiome, we believe that the main driver of this pattern is lifestyle because SP and AMZ are very distinguished societies and differ also in environmental contact, sanitation, hygiene, and other sociocultural practices that potentially affect microorganisms dispersion and consequently their gut microbiome composition.
Title in Portuguese
Interação entre microbioma intestinal e dieta em moradores da região urbana de São Paulo e ribeirinhos do interior da Amazônia
Keywords in Portuguese
Amazônia
Comunidades Tradicionais
Dieta
Microbioma Gastrointestinal
Ribeirinhos
Abstract in Portuguese
Nós investigamos a relação entre o microbioma intestinal e a dieta de ribeirinhos da Amazônia (AMZ) (n=49) e comparamos com moradores da região urbana de São Paulo (SP) (n=55). A ingestão alimentar foi mensurada com o recordatório de 24 horas. Foi aplicada a classificação NOVA de alimentos e a ingestão de nutrientes foi ajustada pelo método dos residuais. Usamos análise de clusters para investigar padrões alimentares. A composição do microbioma intestinal foi determinada pelo sequenciamento do rDNA 16S. Alfa e beta diversidade foram calculadas. Os táxons que diferenciam AMZ e SP foram determinados por ANCOM, COREMIC e coeficientes da PERMANOVA. A relação entre dieta e microbioma foi avaliada usando a análise de Procrustes e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. A significância foi definida em p ajustado <0,05. AMZ consumiram mais alimentos naturais e minimamente processados (mediana: 86,25 vs 62,18, Mann-Whitney p <0,001) enquanto paulistas consumiram mais alimentos processados e ultraprocessados (mediana: 6,4 vs 0, Mann-Whitney p <0,001 e mediana: 28,96 vs 9,94, Mann-Whitney p <0,001, respectivamente). Os subgrupos NOVA que mais contribuíram para o consumo energético entre AMZ foram peixe, farinha de mandioca, frito de trigo e bolacha salgada, enquanto entre SP foram leite, arroz, carne bovina, pão de panificação e ultraprocessado, e doces. SP apresentaram dieta mais diversa. O consumo de nutrientes foi estatisticamente diferente entre AMZ e SP, exceto para energia, carboidrato, álcool e magnésio. Composições do microbioma intestinal também foi diferente e apresentou relação com a dieta. AMZ apresentaram maior alfa diversidade e a estrutura geral do microbioma intestinal foi diferente entre os grupos (Unifrac, PERMANOVA: Unweighted, p=0.001; weighted, p=0.001). AMZ apresentaram maior abundância de táxons característicos de sociedades tradicionais (ST) como Prevotela, Treponema, Succinivibrio and Muribaculaceae enquanto paulistas apresentaram maior abundância de táxons característicos de sociedades industrializadas (SI) como Alistipes, Bacteroides, Barnesiela, Odoribacter, Parasutterella, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides. Os táxons que mais diferenciaram as populações também apresentaram as correlações significativas mais fortes com a dieta. Táxons característicos de ST apresentaram correlação positiva com a dieta dos AMZ, especialmente alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, peixe, farinha de mandioca, frito de trigo e nutrientes relacionados como proteína, gordura poliinsaturada, colesterol, vitamina B12, vitamina B6, vitamina D e selênio. Táxons característicos de SI apresentaram correlação positiva com a dieta ocidentalizada dos SP especialmente alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, leite, pão ultraprocessado, doces, carne bovina e suína, vegetais, molhos industrializados, sobremesas caseiras, queijos, arroz, alimentos pronto para o consumo e nutrientes relacionados como gordura monoinsaturada, saturada e trans, zinco, sódio, ferro, cobre, cálcio, fósforo, tiamina, riboflavina, e vitamina C. AMZ apresentaram dominância de Prevotella mesmo com dieta rica em proteína animal e pobre em fibras. Mesmo as diferenças na dieta tendo papel importante em modular o microbioma intestinal, nós acreditamos que a carcaterística principal na determinação desse padrão foi o estilo de vida. Isso porque SP e AMZ são sociedades bastante distintas também no contato com o ambiente natural, saneamento, práticas de higiene e outras práticas socioculturais que potencialmente afetam a dispersão de microrganismos e consequentemente a composição do microbioma intestinal.
 
WARNING - Viewing this document is conditioned on your acceptance of the following terms of use:
This document is only for private use for research and teaching activities. Reproduction for commercial use is forbidden. This rights cover the whole data about this document as well as its contents. Any uses or copies of this document in whole or in part must include the author's name.
CestonaroT_DR_R.pdf (8.42 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2023-04-12
 
WARNING: Learn what derived works are clicking here.
All rights of the thesis/dissertation are from the authors
CeTI-SC/STI
Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of USP. Copyright © 2001-2024. All rights reserved.