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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.6.2023.tde-07082023-180503
Document
Author
Full name
Gabriela Akemi Takeda
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Alvarenga, Marle dos Santos (President)
Silva, Wanderson Roberto da
Souza, Altay Alves Lino de
Title in Portuguese
Ortorexia nervosa, comer intuitivo e comer positivo em nutricionistas, gastrólogos e população geral
Keywords in Portuguese
Comer Intuitivo
Comer Positivo
Comportamento Alimentar
Nutricionistas
Ortorexia Nervosa
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução - Ortorexia nervosa (ON) é um comportamento obsessivo de fixação pela "alimentação saudável", e alguns trabalhos apontam nutricionistas como um grupo vulnerável, mas não há a comparação dos comportamentos entre nutricionistas e outro grupo profissional que também trabalha com foco em alimentação; e a relação entre ON com aspectos intuitivos e positivos da alimentação ainda é pouco explorada. Objetivo - Comparar o comportamento de ON, comer intuitivo (CI) e comer positivo (CP) entre nutricionistas, gastrólogos e outras profissões; e avaliar a relação entre estes comportamentos e outros fatores. Métodos - Profissionais das áreas de Nutrição (n = 388), Gastronomia (n = 99) e outras profissões (n = 101), responderam à pesquisa on-line, contendo perguntas sociodemográficas, a Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), Positive Eating Scale (PES), Questionário de comportamento de risco para Transtornos Alimentares, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8B) ou Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). As propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos foram previamente avaliadas por análise fatorial confirmatória, segundo parâmetros vigentes. Os escores das escalas TOS, IES-2 e PES foram comparados entre os grupos por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis e teste de correlação de Spearman foi realizado entre ON, CI e CP. Um modelo de análise de caminhos foi desenvolvido e testado para a amostra feminina (n = 536), para avaliar quais os fatores associados com o comportamento de ON. Resultados - A correlação entre ON e CI foi média e negativa, assim como para ON e CP (p < 0,001) para amostra total. Nutricionistas apresentaram menor pontuação para ON e maior para CI e CP, comparada com os demais grupos (p < 0,001), mas a análise de caminhos identificou que a profissão não explicou a variância dos achados para ON, e sim: preocupação com a forma corporal (β = 0,450; p < 0,001), o comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares (β = 0,110; p = 0,004), o vegetarianismo (β = 0,070; p = 0,045) e a idade (β = 0,081; p < 0,007), que foram positivamente associados com ON, e o comer positivo foi negativamente associado (β = -0,100; p < 0,001). Conclusão - Encontrou-se relação negativa da ON com CI e CP na amostra como um todo. Mas, apesar de nutricionistas apresentarem menor pontuação para ON e maior para CP e CI, em relação aos demais grupos, os resultados do modelo de análise de caminhos para a amostra feminina não confirmaram que a profissão esteve associada a comportamentos de ON - e sim especialmente preocupação com a forma corporal, comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares e comer menos positivo.
Title in English
Orthorexia nervosa, intuitive eating and positive eating in dietitians, graduates in Gastronomy and general population
Keywords in English
Dietitians
Eating Behavior
Intuitive Eating
Orthorexia Nervosa
Positive Eating
Abstract in English
Introduction - Orthorexia nervosa (ON) it is an obsessive behavior of fixation on "healthy eating", and some studies point to dietitians as a vulnerable group, but there is no comparison of behaviors between dietitians and another professional group that also works with a focus on food, and the relationship between ON with aspects intuitive and positive aspects of eating is still little explored. Aim - Compare the behavior of ON, intuitive eating (CI) and positive eating (CP) among dietitians, graduates in Gastronomy and other professions, and to evaluate the relationship between these behaviors and other factors. Methods - Professionals from the areas of Nutrition (n = 388), Gastronomy (n = 99) and other professions (n = 101), answered the online survey, containing sociodemographic questions, the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), Positive Eating Scale (PES), Risk Behavior Questionnaire for Eating Disorders, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8B) or the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). The psychometric properties of the instruments were previously evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis, according to current parameters. The scores of the TOS, IES-2 and PES scales were compared between the professional groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation was used to the correlations between ON, CI and CP. A path analysis model was developed and tested for the female sample (n = 536), to assess which factors were associated with ON behavior. Results - The correlation between ON and CI was moderate and negative, as well as for ON and CP (p < 0.001) for the total sample. Dietitians had a lower score for ON and a higher score for IC and CP, compared to the other groups (p < 0.001), but the path analysis identified that the profession did not explain the variance of the findings for ON, but: body shape concern (β = 0.450; p < 0.001), vegetarianism (β = 0.070; p = 0.045), risk behavior for eating disorders (β = 0.110; p = 0.004) and age (β = 0.081; p < 0.007) , which were positively associated with ON, and positive eating was negatively associated (β = -0.100; p < 0.001). Conclusion - The expected negative relationship between ON and CI and CP in the sample was confirmed. But, although dietitians had lower scores for ON and higher scores for CP and CI, in relation to the other groups, the results of the structural model for the female sample did not confirm that the profession was associated with ON behavior but especially body shape concern, risk behavior for eating disorders and less positive eating.
 
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TakedaGA_MTR_R.pdf (2.70 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2023-08-07
 
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