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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.6.2004.tde-07052021-123806
Document
Author
Full name
Marisa Cambraia
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2004
Supervisor
Committee
Tanaka, Oswaldo Yoshimi
Amarante, Paulo Duarte de Carvalho
Barros, Sonia
Campos, Gastão Wagner de Sousa
Pereira, Lygia Maria de França
Title in Portuguese
Política de saúde mental no estado de São Paulo: o cenário das mudanças ocorridas entre 1990 e 2004
Keywords in Portuguese
Política de Saúde
Psiquiatria
Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde
Saúde Mental/História
Serviços de Saúde Mental
Abstract in Portuguese
Este estudo descreve a política de saúde mental do Estado de São Paulo entre os anos 1990 e 2004, evidenciando os mecanismos usados para redirecionar o modelo hospitalar de assistência para os serviços substitutivos abertos e implantados na comunidade. Além disso, procurou-se identificar as prioridades dessa política por referência às diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foi feito um levantamento dos equipamentos de saúde mental existentes no Estado e, para ampliar o entendimento da política, foram entrevistados os atores nacionais e estaduais que conduziram os projetos técnico-políticos de reforma psiquiátrica. A análise do material sugeriu que, ao longo deste período, a política do Estado esteve voltada para a qualificação dos hospitais psiquiátricos e transformação dos grandes asilos públicos, reduzindo drasticamente o número de leitos SUS. Em 1991, existia 34.000 leitos e, em 2003, esse número caiu para 15.511, ou seja, houve uma diminuição de 54,4% do total. A implantação de Centrais de Vaga e as portarias publicadas nesses anos foram os meios para conduzir as mudanças. Já o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - CAPS foi identificado como o principal serviço de saúde mental e instrumento da mudança de concepção do modelo assistencial. A integralidade ampliada dos cuidados, o acesso e a eqüidade, principais parâmetros do SUS, aparecem referidos a um conjunto de ações dirigidas aos pacientes com transtornos mentais severos e persistentes. Isto sugere uma tendência de especialização da assistência nesse campo. Nos discursos, não foram explicitadas quais seriam as ações de saúde mental dirigidas aos transtornos moderados de alta prevalência na população que deveriam ser implementadas na rede básica de serviços de saúde.
Title in English
Mental health policy in São Paulo State: the scenary of changes from 1990 to 2004
Keywords in English
Health Care Reform
Health Policy
Mental Health Services
Mental Health/History
Psychiatry
Abstract in English
The present study describes Mental Health Policy in São Paulo State from 1990 up to 2004, highlighting the mechanisms utilized to re-direct hospital care policy toward substitutive accessible services implemented in the community. Moreover, the goal of this study was to identify priorities into that practice related to the actions of the Unified Health System (UHS). It was set up mental health care endowment available in the State and, to better understand the state of art, national and state actors that have been conducting the technical projects and policy in the so-called Psychiatric reform were interviewed. The study suggested that, during this period, São Paulo State policy was intensified preferentially for the qualification of psychiatric hospitals as well as for the transformation of huge public psychiatric house cares (asylums) whereas the number of UHS hospital bedsteads was greatly reduced. They were 34,000 in 1991 whereas in 2003 this number was reduced to 15,511, indeed a 54.4% reduction. Implementation of Centralized Bedstead Support and Governmental Amendments published throughout those years were chief tools for conducting the changes executed. On the other hand, Centers of Psychosocial Care (CAPS) were considered as the major instrument into mental health service for the conceptual modification of the previous mental health care model. Expanded full Medicare, accessibility and equality, the most valuable UHS parameters, were referred by interviewed administrators to a group of actions directed toward individuals suffering of severe and persistent mental health disorders, suggesting a tendency for medical care specialization in this field. Mental health policy directed toward moderate disorders although of high prevalence, were not referred by interviewed administrators though actions in this field should be carried out.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-05-07
 
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