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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.59.2022.tde-25032022-074939
Document
Author
Full name
Claudio Boldorini Júnior
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Martinez, Alexandre Souto (President)
Bruno, Odemir Martinez
Liang, Zhao
Silva, Roberto da
Title in Portuguese
Indução de falhas críticas em redes sem escala
Keywords in Portuguese
Colapso em redes sem escala
Redes complexas
Redes sem escala
Abstract in Portuguese
Uma das razões da robustez das redes sem escala é sua alta tolerância a falhas aleatórias devido a baixa quantidade de vértices concentrando grande parte das arestas que a mantém conectada. Por outro lado, esse aspecto apresenta uma fraqueza a ser explorada: a remoção coordenada desses vértices. A formação dessas redes tem seu viés baseado na priorização de vértices com maior número de arestas para novas conexões, fazendo com que poucos deles concentrem a maior parte das arestas, gerando os concentradores - o termo encontrado amplamente na literatura para esse tipo de vértice é hub. Pode-se dizer então que dificilmente uma série de falhas aleatórias conseguiria atingir uma quantidade relevante desses vértices para induzir um colapso em redes com essa característica, porém um ataque direcionado aos concentradores pode causar dano considerável na mesma com poucas remoções. Para alcançarmos esse objetivo, apresentamos uma grandeza de simples compreensão e com baixo tempo de execução até mesmo para redes com um número elevado de vértices e arestas. Notou-se que após a aplicação dessa grandeza em grafos sintéticos e em algumas redes reais mapeadas que não há necessidade de excluir muitos vértices para que emerja uma escala cujo primeiro momento estatístico é relevante e, o que é mais importante, obter o segundo momento convergente.
Title in English
Induction of critical failures in non-scale networks
Keywords in English
Complex networks
Free-scale network
Free-scale network collapse
Abstract in English
One of the reasons for the robustness of free scale networks is their high tolerance to random faults due to the low number of nodes concentrating most of the links that keep them connected. On the other hand, this aspect has a weakness to be exploited: the coordinated removal of these nodes. The formation of these networks has its bias based on prioritizing nodes with a greater number of links for new connections, causing few of them to concentrate most of them, generating concentrators - the term found widely in the literature for this type of nodes is hub. It can be said then that a series of random failures would hardly be able to reach a relevant amount of these nodes to induce a collapse in networks with this characteristic, but an attack aimed at concentrators can cause considerable damage to it with few removals. To achieve this goal, we present a magnitude that is simple to understand and with low execution time even for networks with a high number of nodes and links. It was noticed that after applying this quantity in synthetic graphs and in some real networks mapped that there is no need to exclude many nodes so that a scale emerges whose first statistical moment is relevant and, what is more important, obtain a convergent second moment.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-04-13
 
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