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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.59.2023.tde-22082023-145706
Document
Author
Full name
Leonardo Samuel Ricioli
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Labarque, Facundo Martín (President)
Guadanucci, José Paulo Leite
Japyassú, Hilton Ferreira
Mantelatto, Fernando Luis Medina
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização tridimensional e evolução do sistema nervoso central de 12 famílias de aranhas
Keywords in Portuguese
Araneae
Cérebro
Micro-CT
Neurofilogenia
Neuromorfologia
Abstract in Portuguese
A evolução do sistema nervoso dos euartrópodes é um dos tópicos mais debatidos da sistemática filogenética. Entretanto, existe uma lacuna nos estudos sobre morfologia comparada e evolução do cérebro nas aranhas, um dos grupos mais diversificado e abundante de euartrópodes. No presente estudo, foram caracterizados e modelados tridimensionalmente o sistema nervoso central (SNC) de 12 famílias de aranhas utilizando dados de microtomografia computadorizada (nano-CT). Foram codificados pela primeira vez em uma matriz os caracteres e estados de caracteres das estruturas do SNC (e.g., ausência/presença de neurópilos), incluindo os caracterizados neste trabalho com o nano-CT (12 famílias) e aqueles de estudos histológicos prévios (18 famílias). Adicionalmente, com o intuito de correlacionar a evolução dos caracteres do SNC com a evolução do comportamento de forrageamento, foram também codificados as guildas ecológicas e a forma generalizada de caça da maioria das famílias de aranhas. Para estudar a evolução do SNC, foram mapeados os caracteres morfológicos e comportamentais em uma árvore filogenética composta (super-tree). Os resultados do trabalho sugerem houve uma tendência ao aumento de número de neurópilos (i.e., aglomerados neuronais) a partir do clado Entelegynae, especialmente nos clados RTA e Dionycha. A correlação com os dados de forrageamento, sugerem que as aranhas caçadoras ativas (i.e, maioritariamente aquelas dos clados RTA e Dionycha) possuem mais neurópilos e com maior volume, associados a uma visão mais especializada.
Title in English
Three-dimensional characterization and evolution of the central nervous system of 12 spider families
Keywords in English
Araneae
Brain
Micro-CT
Neuromorphology
Neurophylogeny
Abstract in English
The evolution of the nervous system of euarthropods is one of the most debated topics in phylogenetic systematics. However, there is a gap in studies on comparative morphology and brain evolution in spiders, one of the most diverse and abundant groups of euarthropods. In the present study, the central nervous system (CNS) of 12 families of spiders was characterized and modeled in three dimensions using data from computed microtomography (nano-CT). For the first time, the characters and character states of the CNS structures (e.g., presence/absence of neuropils) were encoded in a matrix, including those characterized in this work with nano-CT (12 families) and those from previous histological studies (18 families). Additionally, in order to correlate the evolution of CNS characters with foraging behavior, ecological guilds and the generalized form of hunting of most spider families were also coded. To study the evolution of the CNS, morphological and behavioral characters were mapped onto a composite phylogenetic tree (super-tree). The results of the study suggest that there is a trend towards an increase in the number of neuropils (i.e., neuronal clusters) from the clade Entelegynae, especially in the RTA and Dionycha clades. The correlation with foraging data suggests that active hunting spiders (i.e., mostly those from the RTA and Dionycha clades) have more neuropils and larger volumes associated with more specialized vision.
 
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Release Date
2025-06-30
Publishing Date
2023-09-21
 
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