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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.59.2020.tde-06072020-145714
Document
Author
Full name
Pedro Branco Hauch Chrispim
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Nikolaou, Sofia (President)
Doro, Fabio Gorzoni
Naal, Rose Mary Zumstein Georgetto
Title in Portuguese
Acetatos trinucleares de rutênio coordenados a ligantes fenazínicos: estudos sobre síntese, reatividade, interações com DNA e avaliação do potencial tripanocida
Keywords in Portuguese
Complexos trinucleares de rutênio
DNA
Espectroscopia
Ligantes fenazínicos
Síntese
Trypanosoma cruzi
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho trata da síntese, reatividade e atividade antiparasitária de uma classe de complexos trinucleares de rutênio, combinados a ligantes de natureza fenazínica e fenantrolínica, coordenados por ortometalação. Um complexo inédito desta classe, de fórmula [Ru3O(CH3COO)5(4-pic)2(dppz)]PF6, onde 4-pic = 4-picolina (4-metipiridina) e dppz = dipiridofenazina foi sintetizado e caracterizado por técnicas espectroscópicas, confirmando sua estrutura. Algumas propriedades do ligante dppz em solução foram exploradas, sendo elas o empilhamento π em solução através de absorção e emissão eletrônica, e solvatocromismo. O empilhamento π também foi explorado para o complexo inédito. Cinco complexos desta classe, de fórmula geral [Ru3O(CH3COO)5(py)2(L)]PF6, onde L = dppn (benzodipiridofenazina, 1), dppz (dipiridofenazina, 2), dppz-CH3 (metildipiridofenazina, 3), dppz-Cl (clorodipiridofenazina, 4) e phen (fenantrolina, 5) foram estudados em relação às suas capacidades de intercalar a molécula de DNA, através da técnica de deslocamento de sonda fluorescente (brometo de etídio). Os complexos tiveram uma ordem de grandeza de 10^6 M^-1 para a constante aparente de intercalação, Kapp, com exceção do complexo 1 que atingiu 10^7 M^-1 e o complexo 5 que mostrou-se um intercalador fraco, sendo melhor descrito como um groove binder. Também é avaliada a atividade dos complexos 2-5 e de seus ligantes livres frente a linhagens celulares de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente da Doença de Chagas, nas formas amastigotas (intracelular) e epimastigotas (livres), e também a citotoxicidade em células saudáveis epiteliais de rim de macaco LLC-MK2 não infectadas. Os complexos mostraram ser muito ativos em concentrações na escala sub-micromolar, tendo valores de IC50 na faixa de 0,2 µM até menores que 10 µM para ambas as fases, sendo mais ativos do que a droga de referência, benznidazol. A avaliação da atividade dos ligantes fenazínicos também é inédita. Estes mostraram-se ativos, porém menos do que os complexos e com menores Índices de Seletividade (IS). Dois complexos, 2 e 4, se destacam por valores de IC50 na ordem de 0,2 µM em ambas as formas e com IS próximo a 10. A análise da ordem de grandeza da intercalação com DNA e da atividade tripanocida mostra que o aumento do tamanho do ligante fenazínico tem impacto na atividade biológica.
Title in English
Trinuclear ruthenium acetates coordinated to phenazine-like ligands: synthesis, reactivity, interactions with DNA and evaluation of trypanocidal activity
Keywords in English
DNA
Phenazine-like ligands
Spectroscopy
Synthesis
Trinuclear ruthenium complexes
Trypanosoma cruzi
Abstract in English
This work presents the synthesis, reactivity and antiparasitic activity of a class of trinuclear ruthenium complexes, combined with phenantroline and phenazine-like ligands, coordinated by orthometalation. A new complex of this class, with formula [Ru3O(CH3COO)5(4-pic)2(dppz)]PF6, where 4-pic = 4-picoline (4-methypyridine) and dppz = dipyridophenazine, was synthesized and its characterization was assessed by spectroscopic techniques, thereby confirming its structure. Some properties of the dppz ligand were explored, as π-stacking in solution through electronic absorption and emission spectroscopy, and also solvatochromism, and π-stacking was also explored for the newly synthesized complex. Five orthometallated complexes with general formula [Ru3O(CH3COO)5(py)2(L)]PF6, where L = dppn (benzodipyridophenazine, 1), dppz (dipyridophenazine, 2), dppz-CH3 (methyldipyridophenazine, 3), dppz-Cl (chlorodipiridofenazina, 4) e phen (phenantroline, 5) were evaluated regarding their ability to intercalate DNA molecule, through the fluorescent probe, ethidium bromide, displacement technique. The complexes showed a magnitude of 10^6 M^-1 for the apparent intercalation constant, Kapp, except for complex 1 which reached a 10^7 M^-1 order and for complex 5, which is a weak intercalator and was better described as a groove binder. The trypanocidal acitivity toward Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent causing Chagas Disease, was evaluated for complexes 2-5 and their free ligands, in both amastigotes (intracellular) and epimastigotes cell forms, and also the cytotoxicity in LLC-MK2 monkey kidney epithelial healthy, non-infected cells. The complexes were exceptionally active in concentrations within a sub-micromolar range, showing IC50 values of 0.2 µM up to less than 10 µM for both phases of the parasite, being even more active than the reference drug, benznidazole. The assessment of the ligands' activity is also unprecented. The ligands were also active, although lesser than the complexes, and also had smaller Selectivity Index (SI). Two complexes, 2 and 4, are highlighted for showing IC50 values of around 0,2 µM in both parasite forms and SI values near 10. The overall order of Kapp values for DNA interaction and the order for trypanocidal activity shows that an increase in the size of ligands has an impact on biological activity.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-07-14
 
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