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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.59.2021.tde-06122021-160402
Document
Author
Full name
Renan Oliveira Shimoura
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Silva Filho, Antonio Carlos Roque da (President)
Costa, Ariadne de Andrade
Iarosz, Kelly Cristiane
Kinouchi Filho, Osame
Matias, Fernanda Selingardi
Vasconcelos, Nivaldo Antonio Portela de
Title in English
Computational study of thalamocortical interactions: simulating oscillatory activity
Keywords in English
Alpha oscillation
Integrate-and-fire model
Neuro-simulators
Primary visual cortex
Thalamocortical oscillations
Abstract in English
The brain displays various oscillatory rhythms across scales that are related to one or multiple cognitive functions. One of the most prominent features in waking electroencephalograms of a variety of mammals, mainly observed at rest with eyes-closed, is the alpha rhythm (~ 10 Hz). Although alpha is strongly associated with reduced visual attention, it is also related to other roles. Understanding how and where this rhythm is generated can elucidate its functions. Even today there is no definitive answer to this question, though several hypotheses put forward the thalamus and the cortex as possible protagonists. This work aims to explore possible alpha generators in a multilayered microcircuit model of the primary visual cortex connected to a thalamic network. The spontaneous activity of the cortical microcircuit was analyzed and two hypotheses of the generation of alpha were studied. We showed that alpha oscillations emerge by adding intrinsically bursting neurons at cortical layer 5 and by changing the thalamocortical loop delay. These hypotheses pointed to generators from different sources, one pointing layers 5 and 2/3 and the other pointing layers 4 and 6, and they are comparable with experimental works.
Title in Portuguese
Estudo computacional de interações talamocorticais: simulando atividade oscilatória
Keywords in Portuguese
Cortéx visual primário
Modelo integra-e-dispara
Neuro-simuladores
Oscilação alfa
Oscilações talamocorticais
Abstract in Portuguese
O cérebro exibe vários ritmos oscilatórios que estão relacionadas a uma ou várias funções cognitivas. Uma das características mais proeminentes nos eletroencefalogramas em estado vigília de uma variedade de mamíferos, observada principalmente durante repouso com os olhos fechados, é o ritmo alfa (~ 10 Hz). Embora alfa seja fortemente associado à redução da atenção visual, também está relacionado a outros aspectos funcionais. Entender como e onde esse ritmo é gerado pode elucidar suas funções. Ainda hoje não há uma resposta definitiva para essa pergunta, embora várias hipóteses apresentem o tálamo e o córtex como possíveis protagonistas. Este trabalho objetiva explorar possíveis geradores alfa em um modelo do microcircuito multicamadas do córtex visual primário conectado a uma rede talâmica. A atividade espontânea do microcircuito cortical foi analisada e duas hipóteses de geração de alfa foram estudadas. Mostramos que as oscilações alfa emergem ao adicionar neurônios que disparam intrinsecamente em rajada na camada cortical 5 e ao alterar o atraso tálamo-cortical. As hipóteses apontam para geradores de diferentes origens, um apontando as camadas 5 e 2/3 e o outro apontando as camadas 4 e 6, e elas são comparáveis com trabalhos experimentais.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-01-07
 
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