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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.59.2023.tde-02052023-081422
Document
Author
Full name
Tatiane Possani
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Laus, Maria Fernanda (President)
Junqueira, Alessandra Costa Pereira
Torres, Sandra Cristina da Silva Reis
Vieira, Filipa Elvira Mucha
Title in Portuguese
Imagem corporal e puberdade
Keywords in Portuguese
Apreciação corporal
Brasil
Comportamento alimentar
Imagem corporal
Meninas
Puberdade
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A puberdade marca uma transição de risco para transtornos da imagem corporal e da alimentação em principal para as meninas. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da idade da menarca e do estágio maturacional das mamas na apreciação corporal, satisfação e estimação corporal, autoestima e nas atitudes alimentares de meninas de nove a quatorze anos. Método: O estudo foi realizado em três escolas de ensino fundamental, com 222 meninas com a idade média de 11,60 anos (±1,63). A idade da menarca foi autorreferida pelas participantes e a avaliação do estágio puberal ocorreu através do Estágio Puberal de Tanner. A imagem corporal foi avaliada pela Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), a autoestima pela Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, e as atitudes alimentares foram avaliadas pelo Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT). Os dados foram submetidos a análises de Coeficiente de Pearson, seguida da análise multivariada de covariância (MANCOVA) e de regressão linear. Resultados: O estágio de desenvolvimento das mamas foi preditor da apreciação corporal [(F (1,209) = 12,83 p < 0,001], estimação da silhueta [(F (1,180) = 4,21 p < 0,01] e práticas de dieta e controle oral [(F (1,180) = 9,27 p< 0,01], com coeficiente de correlação de alta magnitude entre o estágio de desenvolvimento das mamas e a apreciação corporal (β = -0.22, t = -2,28, p< 0,001), explicando 5% da variância da apreciação corporal. A idade da menarca mostrou-se preditora da satisfação corporal [(F (1,180) = 4,04 p < 0,05] e da autoestima [(F (1, 98) = 5,20 p< 0,05], explicando 4% da variância da autoestima (β = -0,22, t = -2,28, p< 0,05). A idade da menarca foi correlacionada positivamente com a satisfação corporal e autoestima. O estágio maturacional das mamas se correlacionou negativamente com a apreciação corporal, estimação corporal e a autoestima e positivamente com o ChEAT-fator 1. Conclusões: O estágio de desenvolvimento das mamas apresentou baixa influencia na apreciação corporal, autoestima e na estimação da silhueta. A idade da menarca também se mostrou baixa preditora da satisfação corporal e da autoestima. Assim, sugere-se que já ter passado pela menarca parece ser mais significativo do que a idade que ela ocorreu. Além disso, o IMC tem maior influência na apreciação, autoestima e satisfação corporal do que o estágio de desenvolvimento das mamas e a idade da menarca.
Title in English
Body image and puberty
Keywords in English
Body appreciation
Body image
Brazil
Eating behavior
Girls
Puberty
Abstract in English
Introduction: Puberty marks a transition of risk for body image disorders and disordered eating, especially on girls. Objective: Assess the influence of age at menarche and maturation stage of the breasts on body appreciation, body satisfaction and body estimation, self-esteem and eating attitudes of girls aged nine to fourteen years. Method: The study was carried out in three elementary schools, with 222 girls with a mean age of 11.60 years (DP= 1.63). The age of menarche was self-reported by the participants and the evaluation of the stage of pubertal development occurred through the Tanner's Pubertal Stage. Body image was assessed by the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) and by the Silhouette Scale. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and eating attitudes were assessed by the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT). For the analysis, the quantitative approach was used, performing descriptive statistical analysis. Data were submitted to Pearson's coefficient analysis, followed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and linear regression. Results: The stage of breast development was a predictor of body appreciation [(F (1.209) = 12.83 p< 0.001], silhouette estimation [(F (1.180) = 4.21 p< 0.01 ] and diet and oral control practices [(F (1.180) = 9.27 p< 0.01], and the correlation coefficient was of high magnitude between the stage of breast development and body appreciation (β = -0.22, t = -2.28, p< 0.001), explaining 5% of the variance in body appreciation. Age at menarche proved to be a predictor of body satisfaction [(F (1.180) = 4.04 p< 0.05] and self-esteem [(F (1.98) = 5.20 p< 0.05], explaining 4% of the variance in self-esteem (β = -0.22, t = -2.28, p< 0.05). Age at menarche was significantly correlated with body satisfaction and self-esteem. The maturational stage of the breasts showed negative correlations with body appreciation, body estimation and selfesteem and positively significant correlations with ChEAT-factor 1. Conclusions: The stage of breast development had a low influence on body appreciation, self-esteem and silhouette estimation. Age at menarche was also a low predictor of body satisfaction and self-esteem. Thus, it is suggested that having already gone through menarche seems to be more significant than the age at which it occurred. In addition, BMI has a greater influence on appreciation, self-esteem and body satisfaction than breast development stage and age at menarche.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-05-26
 
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