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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.58.2020.tde-03102022-175223
Document
Author
Full name
Yuri Jivago Silva Ribeiro
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Nelson Filho, Paulo (President)
Almeida, Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro de
Saravia, Marta Estela
Silva, Francisco Wanderley Garcia de Paula e
Title in Portuguese
Protetores bucais esportivos: avaliação da contaminação microbiana, da rugosidade superficial e da eficácia do spray de clorexidina como método de desinfecção, em crianças
Keywords in Portuguese
Clorexidina
Desinfecção
Microbiologia
Protetores bucais esportivos
Rugosidade superficial
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo do presente estudo clínico randomizado foi avaliar, in vivo, em protetores bucais esportivos: 1) A viabilidade celular bacteriana, com e sem tratamento com clorexidina, por meio do ensaio MTT; 2) A contaminação por 4 espécies bacterianas cariogênicas (S. mutans, S. sobrinus, L. acidophilus e L. casei), e a eficácia da utilização do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% sob a forma de spray, por meio da técnica de biologia molecular Checkerboard DNADNA Hybridization (CDDH); e 3) A rugosidade superficial pré e pós-utilização, com e sem tratamento com clorexidina, em microscopia confocal a laser. O estudo foi realizado com a participação de 20 pacientes de 9 a 13 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, e constou de 2 etapas, com intervalo de 15 dias entre cada uma, de forma que todos os pacientes participassem tanto do grupo controle (água de torneira esterilizada), quanto do grupo experimental (clorexidina). Em cada etapa os pacientes receberam um novo protetor bucal (totalizando 2 aparelhos por indivíduo). Os pacientes de ambos os grupos foram orientados a usar o protetor bucal esportivo por 3 dias alternados, durante o treinamento esportivo (1 hora/dia), sendo a seguir processados pelas técnicas CDDH e MTT. A rugosidade superficial dos protetores bucais foi avaliada nos períodos pré e pós-utilização, com e sem tratamento com clorexidina, em microscopia confocal a laser. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio do teste de Wilcoxon, teste t e teste de correlação de Pearson, utilizando o software GraphPadPrism 4.0 (GraphPad Software Inc). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que houve redução significante (p<0,05) da viabilidade celular bacteriana após uso da clorexidina. Além disso, o spray de clorexidina ocasionou redução significante (p<0,05) nos níveis de contaminação por bactérias cariogênicas. Embora a rugosidade superficial tenha sofrido aumento significante após o uso dos protetores bucais (p<0,05), essa não foi influenciada pelo uso da clorexidina ou da água de torneira esterilizada. Observou-se correlação positiva moderada (r=0,59) entre a rugosidade superficial e o número de micro-organismos cariogênicos no grupo Controle, enquanto que no grupo Experimental essa correlação foi negativa e bem fraca (r=-0,03). Conclui-se que, após o uso por crianças, os protetores bucais esportivos apresentam intensa contaminação microbiana e maior rugosidade superficial. O spray de gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% foi eficaz na redução dessa contaminação.
Title in English
Sports mouthguards: evaluation of microbial contamination, surface roughness and efficacy of the chlorhexidine spray as a method of disinfection, in children
Keywords in English
Chlorhexidine
Disinfection
Microbiology
Sports mouthguards
Surface roughness
Abstract in English
The aim of the present randomized clinical trial was to evaluate sports mouthguards in vivo: 1) Bacterial cell viability, with and without chlorhexidine treatment, by MTT assay; 2) Contamination by 4 cariogenic bacterial species (S. mutans, S. sobrinus, L. acidophilus and L. casei), and the effectiveness of spraying 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate by Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization (CDDH); and 3) Surface roughness before and after use, with and without chlorhexidine treatment, by confocal laser microscopy. The study was conducted with the participation of 20 patients between 9 to 13 years of age, of both sexes, and consisted of 2 stages, with an interval of 15 days between each stage, so all patients took part in both the control group (sterile tap water) and the experimental group (chlorhexidine). At each stage the patients received a new mouthguard (totaling 2 devices per participant). Patients in both groups were instructed to wear the sports mouthguards for 3 alternate days during sports training (1 hour/day), and the mouthguards were afterwards processed by the CDDH and MTT techniques. The surface roughness of the mouthguards was evaluated before and after use, with and without chlorhexidine treatment, by confocal laser microscopy. The results obtained were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, t-test and Pearson correlation test, using the GraphPadPrism 4.0 (GraphPad Software Inc). The adopted significance level was 5%. According to the results obtained, it was observed that there was a significant reduction (p<0.05) of bacterial cell viability after chlorhexidine use. In addition, chlorhexidine spray caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) in levels of contamination by cariogenic bacteria. Although surface roughness increased significantly after the use of mouthguards (p<0.05), it was not influenced by the use of chlorhexidine or sterile tap water. A moderate positive correlation (r=0.59) was observed between surface roughness and the number of cariogenic microorganisms in the Control group, whereas in the Experimental group this correlation was negative and very weak (r=-0.03). It is concluded that after use by children, sports mouthguards present intense microbial contamination and greater surface roughness. Chlorhexidine gluconate spray (0.12%) was effective in reducing this contamination.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-10-04
 
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