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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.58.2022.tde-05122022-150013
Document
Author
Full name
Juliana Dias Corpa Tardelli
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Reis, Andréa Candido dos (President)
Gargarella, Piter
Beloti, Márcio Mateus
Shibli, Jamil Awad
Title in Portuguese
Ligas de beta titânio, a terceira geração de biomateriais da implantodontia: análise das propriedades físicas, químicas, mecânicas e biológicas de discos de Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta e Ti-6Al-4V obtidos por usinagem e manufatura aditiva
Keywords in Portuguese
Implantes dentários
Ligas de titânio
Manufatura aditiva
Osseointegração
Propriedades físicas
SLM
Ti-6Al-4V
TNZT
Abstract in Portuguese
O conhecimento das propriedades dos materiais utilizados para implantes dentais é imprescindível e o primeiro passo antes de se realizar estudos in vivo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar in vitro as propriedades físicas, químicas, mecânicas e biológicas entre discos de Ti-6Al-4V e Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (TNZT) obtidos por Usinagem e Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Para isso foram utilizados 40 discos (Ø 5,0 mm x 1 mm de espessura) divididos em 4 grupos (n=10) de acordo com a liga e técnica de manufatura. Os discos foram analisados por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios x (EDS), difração de raios x (DRX), molhabilidade, energia livre de superfície, rugosidade por microscopia confocal a laser e microscopia de força atômica (AFM), microdureza vickers e unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC). Two-way ANOVA foi aplicada para todos os dados quantitativos com nível de significância de 5%. A diferença quanto a técnica de manufatura foi observada por MEV que demonstrou uma superfície fundida para a Usinada e parcialmente fundida por SLM; a composição química das ligas avaliada por EDS apresentou-se compatível as concentrações esperadas para cada elemento pela literatura; para DRX a rota de processamento interferiu na fase para TNZT; para molhabilidade e energia livre de superfície a liga foi estatisticamente significativa (p<0,041); para rugosidade a técnica de manufatura foi estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) com maiores médias para os grupos obtidos por SLM corroborando com a análise qualitativa por AFM; para microdureza vickers a técnica de manufatura (p=0,018) e liga (p<001) foram estatisticamente significativas; e para UFC tanto a técnica de manufatura como a liga não apresentaram influência significativa. Concluiu-se que a morfologia observada por MEV é condizente com a Técnica de Manufatura utilizada, sendo mais rugosa para a SLM; As Técnicas de Manufatura não interferiram nas concentrações específicas de cada elemento das ligas avaliadas; A rota de processamento é o principal motivo da variação de fases presentes nos grupos TNZT; A capacidade de molhamento das superfícies SLM são semelhantes as Usinadas; A liga TNZT apresenta maior energia livre de superfície e capacidade de molhamento que Ti-6Al-4V; As superfícies obtidas por SLM são mais rugosas, além de TNZT ser mais rugosa independente da técnica; A microdureza de um implante pode ser influenciada pela liga e técnica de manufatura; O polimento ao tornar os picos das superfícies SLM arredondados somado a adaptação bacteriana podem explicar a não diferença nos resultados de UFC.
Title in English
Beta titanium alloys, the third generation of implant dentistry biomaterials: analysis of the physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta and Ti-6Al-4V discs obtained by machining and additive manufacturing
Keywords in English
Additive manufacturing
Dental implants
Osseointegration
Physical properties
SLM
Ti-6Al-4V
Titanium alloys
TNZT
Abstract in English
Knowledge of the properties of materials used for dental implants is essential and the first step before performing in vivo studies. The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro the physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties between disks of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (TNZT) obtained by Machining and Selective Laser Melting (SLM). For this purpose, 40 discs (Ø 5.0 mm x 1 mm thick) were used, divided into 4 groups (n=10) according to alloy and manufacturing technique. The disks were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), wettability, surface free energy, roughness by confocal laser microscopy, and atomic force (AFM), Vickers microhardness and colony-forming units (CFU). Two-way ANOVA was applied to all quantitative data with a significance level of 5%. The difference in the manufacturing technique was observed by SEM, which demonstrated a melted surface for Machined and partially melted for SLM; the chemical composition of the alloys evaluated by EDS was compatible with the concentrations expected for each element in the literature; for XRD the processing route interfered in the phase for TNZT; for wettability and surface free energy the alloy was statistically significant (p<0.041); for roughness, the manufacturing technique was statistically significant (p<0.001) with higher averages for the groups obtained by SLM, corroborating the qualitative analysis by AFM; for Vickers microhardness the manufacturing technique (p=0.018) and alloy (p<001) were statistically significant; and for UFC, both the manufacturing technique and the alloy had no significant influence. It was concluded that the morphology observed by SEM is consistent with the Manufacturing Technique used, being rougher for the SLM; The Manufacturing Techniques did not interfere with the specific concentrations of each element of the evaluated alloys; The processing route is the main reason for the phase variation present in the TNZT groups; The wettability of SLM surfaces is similar to Machined; TNZT alloy has a higher surface free energy and wettability than Ti-6Al-4V; The surfaces obtained by SLM are rougher, in addition to TNZT being rougher regardless of the technique; The microhardness of an implant can be influenced by the alloy and manufacturing technique; The polishing to make the peaks of the SLM surfaces rounded added to the bacterial adaptation can explain the non-difference in the CFU results.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-12-08
 
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