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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.55.2021.tde-20122021-113618
Document
Author
Full name
Julian David Espinel Leal
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Santos, Raimundo Nonato Araújo dos (President)
Dias, Luis Renato Gonçalves
Fernandes, Alexandre César Gurgel
Grulha Junior, Nivaldo de Góes
Title in English
Introduction to Morse theory and Morse homology
Keywords in English
Morse homology
Morse theory
Morse-Smale functions
Topology of manifold
Abstract in English
In this work we present a study of Morse theory with the aim of introducing the Morse homology theorem as its natural extension. For this we prove the classic Morse theorem, which states that a Morse function defined on a manifold determines its topology as CW-complex through its critical points. Next, we introduce the Morse and Poincaré polynomials, their relations, and the perfect Morse functions that show when the number of non-degenerate critical points is equal to the k-th Betti number of the manifold. Finally, we present the stable and unstable manifolds given by the gradient flow of a Morse-Smale function and the Morse-Smale-Witten chain complex whose homology is isomorphic to the singular homology of the manifold.
Title in Portuguese
Introdução à teoria de Morse e homologia de Morse
Keywords in Portuguese
Funções de Morse-Smale
Homologia de Morse
Teoria de Morse
Topologia da variedade
Abstract in Portuguese
Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo da Teoria de Morse com o objetivo de introduzir o teorema da homologia de Morse como sua extensão natural. Para isso provamos o clássico teorema de Morse que garante que uma função de Morse numa variedade determina sua topologia como CW-complexo por meio de seus pontos críticos. Na sequência introduzimos os polinômios de Morse e Poincaré, suas relações, e as funcões de Morse perfeitas que mostram quando o número de pontos críticos não degenerados de índice k é exatamente igual o k-ésimo número de Betti da variedade. Por fim, apresentamos as variedades estáveis e instáveis determinadas pelo fluxo gradiente de uma função de Morse-Smale e o complexo de cadeia de Morse-Smale-Witten cuja homologia é isomorfa à homologia singular da variedade
 
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Publishing Date
2021-12-20
 
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