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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.55.2014.tde-10062014-105349
Document
Author
Full name
Willian Massami Watanabe
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Aluisio, Sandra Maria (President)
Almeida, Jussara Marques de
Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida
Pimentel, Maria da Graça Campos
Pizzolato, Ednaldo Brigante
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação automática de acessibilidade em RIA
Keywords in Portuguese
Acessibilidade na Web
ARIA
Engenharia Web
RIA
Web 2.0
Abstract in Portuguese
Com a popularização da Web 2.0 e RIA - Rich Internet Applications, as aplicações web cada vez mais utilizam-se da linguagem JavaScript, para implementar recursos de interação sofisticados e complexos na plataforma da Web, visando atrair os usuários com experiências que agradem e atendam suas expectativas. Uma vez que esses recursos de RIA, muitas vezes, fornecem feedback visual de mudanças realizadas na interface, usuários que interagem com a Web por meio de Tecnologias Assistivas, como leitores de tela, não são capazes de identificar e interagir corretamente com os componentes de interface. Assim, a WAI - Web Accessibility Initiative propôs a especificação ARIA - Accessible Rich Internet Applications que determina um conjunto de propriedades que atribuem semântica aos elementos de um componente de interface (Widget), permitindo que as Tecnologias Assistivas identifiquem previamente o comportamento dos componentes de interface e informem o usuário sobre as alterações que possam ser realizadas na estrutura da página web. Nesse contexto, esta tese teve como objetivo elaborar estratégias de avaliação automática dos requisitos de acessibilidade da especificação ARIA. Foram elaboradas três diferentes abordagens para analisar os requisitos da especificação ARIA, utilizando a metodologia de pesquisa-ação com a condução de três ciclos das atividades de planejar, agir, descrever e avaliar. As abordagens foram desenvolvidas com base em Testes de Aceitação e verificações de características tecnológicas das aplicações web, considerando especificamente o modelo de interação de usuários deficientes visuais que utilizam leitores de tela. Cada uma das abordagens foi validada separadamente e os resultados apresentam tendências de que as estratégias são capazes de avaliar corretamente o comportamento esperado de uma aplicação rica de Internet acessível, segundo as recomendações ARIA para usuÁ¡rios deficientes visuais. As abordagens também apresentaram como contribuições: a inclusão do modelo de interação do usuário no processo de avaliação e levantamentos sobre os níveis de conformidade de aplicações web e bibliotecas JavaScript com a especificação ARIA. Os resultados obtidos a partir das abordagens propostas nesta tese contribuem para o processo de Engenharia Web de aplicações ricas de Internet acessíveis
Title in English
Automatic accessibility evaluation in RIA
Keywords in English
ARIA. RIA
Web 2.0
Web accessibility
Web engineering
Abstract in English
With the increased popularity of the Web 2.0 and RIA - Rich Internet Applications, web applications rely more and more in JavaScript to implement richer and more complex interaction mechanisms in the Web platform. Since these mechanisms, frequently, generate dynamic updates to the DOM - Document Object Model structure of a webpage and require visual perception of users to notify them about these changes in the interface, users that interact with the Web through usage of Assistive Technologies such as a screen reader are not capable of correctly identifying and interacting with the interface components built with these technologies - the widgets. In this context, the WAI - Web Accessibility Initiative created the ARIA - Accessible Rich Internet Applications specification which describes the use of properties that add semantics to elements that compose a widget, allowing Assistive Technology to priorly identify the behavior of a widget and inform the user about changes that might be made to the DOM structure of the webpage. This thesis goal was to elaborate automatic evaluation strategies for accessibility requirements of the ARIA specification. Three evaluation strategies were elaborated following the research-action methodology with the conduction of three cycles of the activities of planning, acting, describing and evaluating. The strategies were implemented based in Acceptance Tests and verifications on specific details of the technology that compose web applications, considering specifically blind users interaction patterns through the use of screen readers. Each strategy was separately validated and the results show tendencies that the strategies were capable of correctly evaluating the behavior of web applications, considering their conformance with ARIA recommendations for blind users. The development and validation of the evaluation strategies also presented contributions by: including user interaction models in the automatic evaluation approaches and presenting a survey on web applications and JavaScript toolkits conformance rates with the ARIA specification. Thus contributing to the Web Engineering process of ARIA
 
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Publishing Date
2014-06-10
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • Watanabe, Willian M., FORTES, R. P. M., and PIMENTEL, Maria da Graca Campos. The Link-Offset-Scale Mechanism for Improving the Usability of Touch Screen Displays on the Web [doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23765-2]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science [online], 2011, vol. 6948, p. 356-372.
  • Watanabe, Willian M., FORTES, R. P. M., and Dias, Ana Luiza. Using acceptance tests to validate accessibility requirements in RIA [doi:10.1145/2207016.2207022]. In W4A 2012 - International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility, Lyon França, 2012. Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A '12)..Nova York USA : ACM PRESS, 2012.
All rights of the thesis/dissertation are from the authors
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