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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.54.1980.tde-21052007-103617
Document
Author
Full name
Francisco Castilho Alcaraz
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 1980
Supervisor
Committee
Köberle, Roland (President)
Perez, Jose Fernando
Qualifik, Paul
Title in Portuguese
Estudo de sistemas de spins a duas dimensões e de calibre a quatro dimensões com simetria Z(N)
Keywords in Portuguese
Autodualidade em duas dimensões
Autodualidade em quatro dimensões
Modelos de spins Simetria Z(N)
Teorias de Gauge na rede
Abstract in Portuguese
Usando uma transformação de dualidade generalizada, considerações de simetria e supondo que as superfície críticas sejam contínuas, obtivemos o dia grama de fase para sistemas de spins Z (N) bidimensionais e sistemas com invariança de calibre Z (N) a quatro dimensões. Caracterizamos as diversas fases dos sistemas de spins pelo valor esperado das potências dos operadores de ordem e desordem. No sistema com invariança de calibre, por outro lado, estas fases caracterizadas pelo comportamento do valor esperado das potências das alças de Wilson e de 't Hooft. Obtivemos para ambos os sistemas fases moles em que no caso de spins 2D (calibre 4D) todas as potências dos parâmetros de ordem e desordem ( todas as potências das alças de Wilson e 't Hooft) são nulas (exibem decaimento com o perímetro da alça). Enquanto no sistema com invariança de calibre todas as combinações de decaimento (área ou perímetro) das alças de Wilson e 't Hooft são permitidas, as relações de comutação no sistema de spins proíbe a existência de fases em que tanto o parâmetro de ordem como o de desordem são não nulos (exceto quando estes operadores comutam). Apresentamos por completeza as relações de dualidade para sistemas de calibre Z (N) com campos de Higgs a três dimensões.
Title in English
Spin systems in two dimensions and Gauge theories in four dimensions with Z(N) symmetry
Keywords in English
Lattice Gauge theories
Self duality for model with Gauge symmetries
Self duality for spin systems
Spin systems with Z(N) symetry
Abstract in English
Using a generalized duality transformation, symetry considerations and assuming that criticality is continuous in the system?s parameters, we obtain the phase diagram for two-dimensional Z (N) spins system?s and four-dimensional gauge Z (N) system's. For spins system we characterize the various phases by the expectation value of powers of the order and disorder operators. For gauge systems, on the other hand, the characterization is via decay law of powers of Wilson and 't Hooft loops. We obtain soft phases for both systems, with the folowing, behaviour: for spins system all powers of order and disorder parameters vanish, whereas for gauge systems all powers of Wilson and 't Hooft loops decay like the perimeter. Whereas all combinations of area and perimeter decay are allowed for Wilson's and 't Hooft's loops, the Z (N) commutation relations for spin systems forbid the simultaneous non-vanishing of order and disorder parameters (except when these operators commute). For completeness we include the duality relations for three-dimensional gauge plus Higgs Z(N) systems.
 
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Alcaraz.pdf (3.97 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2007-08-24
 
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