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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2023.tde-02022024-161801
Document
Author
Full name
Giancarlo Fatobene
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Rocha, Vanderson Geraldo (President)
Vigorito, Afonso Celso
Bonfim, Carmem Maria Sales
Rego, Eduardo Magalhães
Title in Portuguese
Análise comparativa de desfechos clínicos do transplante de cordão umbilical vs. transplante haploidêntico e otimização dos critérios de seleção de unidades de cordão umbilical para transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas em pacientes com doenças hematológicas malignas
Keywords in Portuguese
Análise de sobrevida
Linfoma
Neoplasias hematológicas
Resultado do tratamento
Transplante de células-tronco de sangue do cordão umbilical
Transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas
Transplante haploidêntico
Abstract in Portuguese
Muitos pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas de alto risco necessitam de transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas alogênico como estratégia de remissão em longo prazo. Para candidatos a transplantes sem doadores aparentados ou não-aparentados HLA-compatíveis, o transplante aparentado haploidêntico com ciclofosfamida póstransplante (Haplo-CPT) e sangue de cordão umbilical (SCU), especialmente transplante de duplo cordão (TDC) em adultos, são opções igualmente válidas e de amplo uso. No entanto, a comparação entre esses dois tipos de doador no contexto de condicionamento não-mieloablativo em pacientes com linfoma não era conhecido no momento da proposição da presente tese. Tampouco eram bem estabelecidos critérios de seleção de unidades de SCU para TDC com o intuito de otimizar os desfechos pós-transplante. Para responder a essas questões, fizemos análises retrospectivas usando os registros Eurocord/EBMT e CIBMTR. Comparando desfechos de receptores adultos com linfoma entre doador Haplo (N=526) e transplante de SCU (N=214) de 2009 a 2016, sobrevida global (SG) foi menor com transplante de SCU comparado a Haplo-CPT medula óssea (MO) e de sangue periférico (SP) (Razão de risco [RR] 1,55, P=0,001; e RR 1,59, P=0,005, respectivamente), em razão de maior mortalidade relacionada a transplante (MRT) em SCU. Com o intuito de otimizar os resultados de TDC, fizemos uma análise para determinar critérios otimizados para seleção de unidades SCU para 1.375 pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas malignas transplantados entre 2006 e 2017. Células nucleares totais (CNT, 3,5 vs. > 3,5x107/kg, RR 1,53, P=0,01), número de mismatches HLA em menor resolução ( 2 vs. 0-1, RR 1,28, P=0,01) e número de células CD34+ da unidade vencedora ( 0,7 vs. < 0,7x107/kg, RR 1,34, P=0,03) foram fatores preditivos independentes para SG. Por fim, determinamos o papel de HLA de alta resolução em 963 receptores adultos de TDC com neoplasias hematológicas malignas entre 2006 e 2019. Pacientes cujo enxerto tinha 3 mismatches alélicos (5/8) tiveram maior SG (RR 1,40, P=0,005) e menor MRT (RR 1,54, P=0,002) que aqueles com 4 mismatches alélicos (4/8). Em resumo, nossos dados favorecem doador haploidêntico em comparação a SCU em pacientes com linfoma recebendo transplante não-mieloablativo. No TDC em neoplasias hematológicas, desfechos superiores são obtidos ao selecionar unidades de SCU com até 3 mismatches HLA alélicos, CNT > 3,5x107/kg (unidades combinadas) e dose de células CD34+ 0,7x105/kg (por unidade)
Title in English
Comparative analysis of clinical outcomes following unrelated cord blood transplant vs. haploidentical transplantation and optimization of selection criteria of cord blood units for hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with hematologic malignancies
Keywords in English
Cord blood stem cell transplantation
Hematologic neoplasms
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Lymphoma
Survival analysis
Transplantation haploidentical
Treatment outcome
Abstract in English
Several patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies require allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as a long-term remission strategy. For transplant candidates without an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor, haploidentical related transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (Haplo-PTCY) and unrelated cord blood (UCB), especially double-unit UCB transplantation (dUCBT) in adults, are equally valid graft types and widely used. However, the comparison between these two donor types in the setting of non-myeloablative conditioning in patients with lymphoma was unknown at the time of the design of the present thesis. Nor were well-established criteria for selecting UCB units for dUCBT to improve post-transplant outcomes. To address these questions, we performed retrospective analyzes using the Eurocord/EBMT and CIBMTR registries. Comparing the outcomes of adult patients with lymphoma undergoing Haplo-PTCY (N=526) or UCB transplantation (N=214) from 2009 to 2016, overall survival (OS) was lower with UCB transplant compared to Haplo-PTCY bone marrow and peripheral blood (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.55, P=.001; and HR 1.59, P=.005, respectively) due to higher transplant-related mortality (TRM) in the UCB HCT group. In order to optimize dUCBT outcomes, we sought to determine optimal criteria for selecting UCB units for 1,375 patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing HCT between 2006 and 2017. Total nucleated cells (TNC, 3.5 vs. > 3.5x107/kg, HR 1.53, P=.01), number of HLA mismatches at lower resolution ( 2 vs. 0-1, HR 1.28, P=.01) and number of CD34+ cells of the winning unit ( 0.7 vs. < 0.7x107/kg, HR 1.34, P=.03) were independent predictors for OS. Finally, we studied the role of allele-level HLA match in 963 adult recipients of dUCBT with hematologic malignancies between 2006 and 2019. Patients whose graft had 3 allele HLA mismatches (5/8) had higher OS (HR 1.40, P= .005) and lower TRM (HR 1.54, P=.002) compared with those with 4 allele mismatches (4/8). Taken together, our data favors Haplo-PTCY over UCB HCT in patients with lymphoma receiving nonmyeloablative conditioning. In dUCBT for hematologic malignancies, superior outcomes are obtained when choosing UCB units with up to 3 allele HLA mismatches, TNC > 3.5x107/kg (combined units) and CD34+ cell dose 0.7x105/kg (per unit)
 
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Publishing Date
2024-02-19
 
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