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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2021.tde-11012022-102911
Document
Author
Full name
Jurandir Tomaz de Miranda
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Teodoro, Walcy Paganelli Rosolia (President)
Catanozi, Sergio
Silva, Fabiano Pinheiro da
Souza, Paola da Costa
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação da estrutura e síntese da matriz extracelular do tecido cutâneo em pacientes diabéticos
Keywords in Portuguese
Colágeno tipo VI
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Fibras elásticas
Fibrilina-1
Glicosilação
Abstract in Portuguese
O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM) é uma doença crônica de grande incidência, com alto risco de complicações macrovasculares e microvasculares que levam à incapacidade e morte prematura. É sabido que os altos níveis de glicemia afetam fortemente a homeostase da pele ao inibir a proliferação e migração de queratinócitos, biossíntese de proteínas, apoptose de células endoteliais entre outros. Ainda, o aumento da glicação não enzimática de proteínas, lipídios e ácidos nucleicos leva a formação dos produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs) que atuam em diferentes vias prejudicando a função de proteínas intracelulares e extracelulares. Tendo em vista AGEs podem modificar a estrutura das proteínas da matriz extracelular (MEC), interferindo na sinalização célula-matriz e que o desenvolvimento de doenças de pele em diabéticos está altamente associado a um risco aumentado de desfechos importantes, como lesões de pele, ulcerações e pé diabético, nossa proposta no presente estudo foi avaliar se o receptor de AGEs (RAGE) pode alterar a distribuição dos diferentes tipos de colágeno, do sistema elástico e a interação célula-matriz, em biópsias de pele de membro inferior de diabéticos, correlacionando estes fatores com o impacto funcional do tecido cutâneo. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram coletados fragmentos de pele humana integra, proveniente de membros inferiores amputados de pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos. Assim sendo, os fragmentos de pele foram processados para microscopia de luz, imuno-histoquímica, imunofluorescência, análise de Imagem e qRT-PCR. Os resultados morfológicos mostram hiperplasia de queratinócitos, alongamento dos cones epiteliais, denso infiltrado de células mononucleares perto das projeções das papilas dérmicas, além de densas fibras de colágeno, associadas à atrofia dos anexos cutâneos. Ainda, o padrão de distribuição das fibras do sistema elástico apresentou-se alterado e com intensa diminuição na derme papilar e reticular (p < 0,0001; p < 0,0002), assim como o colágeno do tipo I (p < 0,0234; p < 0,0299). Por outro lado, identificamos aumento de RAGE (p < 0,0024) na derme reticular e intenso aumento de citoqueratina, E-caderina e principalmente de fibrilina, corroborando com o aumento da síntese do gene para FBN-1 (p < 0,0414) na pele dos pacientes diabéticos. Identificamos aumento significativo na expressão relativa dos genes COL1A1 (p < 0,0070), COL5A1 (p < 0,0190), COL5A2 (p < 0,0242), COL6A3 (p < 0,0028), e correlação positiva entre a expressão dos genes para COL5A1/COL1A1, COL5A2/COL1A1, COL6A3/ COL1A1, COL6A/COL5A2, COL6A3/COL5A1 nos diabéticos. Acreditamos que a compreensão dessas interações entre as proteínas da MEC, pode delinear um perfil matricelular, que poderia indicar fragilidade tecidual e, consequentemente, a dificuldade de reparo da pele nesses pacientes, além de trazer um novo entendimento para novas abordagens terapêuticas
Title in English
Evaluation of the structure and synthesis of the extracellular matrix of the skin tissue in diabetic patients
Keywords in English
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Elastic fibers
Fibrillin-1
Glycosylation
Type VI collagen
Abstract in English
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease of high incidence, with a high risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications that lead to disability and premature death. It is known that high blood glucose levels strongly affect skin homeostasis by inhibiting keratinocyte proliferation and migration, protein biosynthesis, endothelial cell apoptosis, among others. Furthermore, the increase in non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) that act in different pathways, impairing the function of intracellular and extracellular proteins. Considering that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can modify the structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, interfering with cell-matrix signaling and that the development of skin diseases in diabetics is highly associated with an increased risk of important outcomes such as skin lesions, ulcerations and diabetic foot, our proposal in the present study was to assess whether the AGE receptor (RAGE) can alter the distribution of different types of collagen, the elastic system and the cell-matrix interaction in biopsies of the lower limb skin of diabetic patients, correlating these factors with the functional impact of the cutaneous tissue. For the development of this study, fragments of whole human skin were collected from amputated lower limbs of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Therefore, the skin fragments were processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, image analysis and qRT-PCR. The morphological results show hyperplasia of keratinocytes, elongation of the epithelial cones, dense infiltrate of mononuclear cells near the projections of the dermal papillae, in addition to dense collagen fibers, associated with atrophy of the cutaneous appendages. Furthermore, the distribution pattern of fibers in the elastic system was altered and showed an intense decrease in the papillary and reticular dermis (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0002), as well as type I collagen (p < 0, 0234; p < 0.0299). On the other hand, we identified an increase in RAGE (p < 0.0024) in the reticular dermis and an intense increase of cytokeratin, E-cadherin and mainly fibrillin, corroborating the increase in gene synthesis for FBN-1 (p < 0.0414) on the skin of diabetic patients. We identified a significant increase in the relative expression of genes COL1A1 (p < 0.0070), COL5A1 (p < 0.0190), COL5A2 (p < 0.0242), COL6A3 (p < 0.0028), and positive correlation between expression of the genes for COL5A1/COL1A1, COL5A2/COL1A1, COL6A3/ COL1A1, COL6A3/ COL5A2, COL6A3/COL5A1 in diabetics. We believe that understanding these interactions between ECM proteins can delineate a matricellular profile, which could indicate tissue fragility and, consequently, the difficulty of skin repair in these patients, in addition to bringing new understanding to new therapeutic approaches
 
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Publishing Date
2022-01-19
 
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