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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2020.tde-31102020-122935
Document
Author
Full name
Ulisses Tirollo Taddei
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Sacco, Isabel de Camargo Neves (President)
Carvalho, Celso Ricardo Fernandes de
Fukuchi, Reginaldo Kisho
Manoel, Edison de Jesus
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos de exercícios terapêuticos para o complexo tornozelo e pé na incidência de lesões, na funcionalidade e saúde dos pés em corredores fundistas: um ensaio clínico randomizado
Keywords in Portuguese
Corrida
Fenômenos biomecânicos
Incidência

Traumatismos em atletas
Treinamento de resistência
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: Sua fácil acessibilidade fez com que a corrida de longa distância fosse praticada em todo o mundo. Sua popularidade continua crescendo por seus benefícios à saúde e qualidade de vida. Nos últimos anos, o fortalecimento dos músculos pé e tornozelo tem sido o foco de alguns estudos para a prevenção de lesões relacionadas à corrida, denominando esta abordagem terapêutica - Bottom-up, em oposição a tradicional Top-down que aposta no fortalecimento dos músculos do Core. Esta tese compõe um conjunto de estudos, cujo centro é um estudo randomizado, prospectivo, controlado e paralelo (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02306148) com avaliador cego e follow-up de um ano, que visaram responder alguns objetivos: (1) avaliar a viabilidade do ensaio e do protocolo de exercício proposto, (2) avaliar a eficácia do protocolo em alterar a saúde e funcionalidade dos pés-tornozelos, o trofismo dos músculos plantares, e a biomecânica da corrida, e (3) verificar os efeitos do protocolo na incidência de lesões relacionadas à corrida em corredores recreacionais. Métodos: Esta tese foi composta pela compilação de dois artigos publicados (Physical Therapy in Sport) e um submetido (British Journal of Sports Medicine). O primeiro artigo abordou a viabilidade do ensaio clínico e do protocolo de exercícios. E o segundo artigo foi uma prova de conceito com 28 corredores investigando a eficácia da intervenção no fortalecimento dos músculos dos pés, na funcionalidade de pé e tornozelo e na alteração da biomecânica da corrida. O manuscrito submetido com os resultados finais investigou as diferenças de incidência de lesões e análise de sobrevida após um ano de acompanhamento com os 118 participantes. Resultados: O estudo de viabilidade mostrou que o laboratório possuía a capacidade de avaliar 20 corredores semanalmente e que os dados coletados estavam adequados para processamento e analise. 702 corredores se mostraram interessados em participar do estudo e após uma triagem inicial 155 não passaram nos critérios de elegibilidade. No estudo de prova de conceito constatou-se que o protocolo de exercício aumentou em média 15,2% os músculos intrínsecos estudados e o impulso propulsivo durante a corrida em 3% no grupo intervenção sem alterações notadas no grupo controle. Os resultados da análise de sobrevida ao fim de 12 meses de follow-up mostraram um risco 2.42 vezes maior de ocorrência de lesões no grupo controle comparado ao grupo intervenção. Conclusão: O ensaio clínico proposto foi considerado viável com corredores dispostos a participar da pesquisa e com boa aderência ao protocolo. O protocolo de exercício baseado na abordagem Bottom-up foi eficaz, aumentando o volume dos músculos intrínsecos investigados e modificando a biomecânica de corrida, aumentando o impulso vertical durante a propulsão. O fortalecimento dos músculos intrínsecos do pé diminuiu a incidência de lesões relacionadas a corrida em corredores recreacionais
Title in English
Effects of therapeutic exercises for the foot/ankle complex in the incidence of injuries, functionality and foot health in long distance runners: a randomized clinical trial
Keywords in English
Athletic injuries
Biomechanical phenomena
Foot
Incidence
Resistance training
Running
Abstract in English
Introduction: The easy accessibility made long-distance running to be practiced worldwide and its popularity continues to expand with the growing interest for health and quality of life improvement. Over recent years, strengthening the foot-ankle muscles have been the focus of some studies for the prevention of running-related injuries, naming this therapeutic approach as - Bottom-up, opposed to the traditional Top-down approach that wages on strengthening the proximal Core muscles. This thesis is composed by a set of studies whose core is a randomized, prospective controlled and parallel trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02306148) with blind assessment and follow-up of one year, following a bottom-up approach, with the main objective to test its effect on running related injury incidence in recreational runners, running biomechanics and foot-ankle functionality. The aim was to assess the following: (1) evaluate the feasibility of the proposed ground-up exercise protocol and the clinical trial, (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the protocol on foot-ankle health and functionality, foot muscle trophism, and running biomechanics, and (3) verify the effects of the protocol on the incidence of running related injuries in recreational runners. Methods: This thesis is presented as a compilation of two published scientific papers (Physical Therapy in Sport) and one submitted (British Journal of Sports Medicine). The first paper approached the feasibility of the clinical trial. The second paper was a proof of concept with a sub sample of 28 runners which investigated the effectiveness of the intervention on strengthening foot muscles and altering running mechanics. The submitted manuscript with the final results investigated the incidence differences and survival analysis after a one-year follow up with 118 participants. Results: The feasibility study showed that our laboratory assessment capacity of evaluating 20 corridors weekly was found adequate to the calculated sample size of 112 subjects and that the collected data was adequate for processing and analysis. 702 runners were interested in participating in the study and after an initial screening 155 did not pass the eligibility criteria and 118 were assessed. In the proof-of-concept study, it was found that the exercise protocol significantly increased the intrinsic muscles studied by 15.2% and the propulsive impulse during running by 3% in the intervention group with no changes noted in the control group. The results of the survival analysis at the end of the study showed a 2.42 times greater risk of occurrence of injuries in the control group compared to the intervention group. Conclusions: The proposed clinical trial was feasible with runners willing to participate in the research and good adherence to the protocol. The exercising protocol based on the Bottom-up approach was effective in enhancing plantar muscles volumes and changing running mechanics, increasing vertical impulse during push-off. Strengthening the intrinsic foot muscles decreased the incidence of RRIs with a 2.42-fold in recreational long-distance runners
 
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Publishing Date
2020-10-31
 
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