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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2022.tde-25112022-161108
Document
Author
Full name
Daniela Bottino Bononi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Louzã Neto, Mario Rodrigues (President)
Marinho, Renata Ribeiro
Rohde, Luis Augusto Paim
Valiengo, Leandro da Costa Lane
Title in Portuguese
TDAH e dislexia em adultos: avaliação das habilidades cognitivas e fonológicas e do desempenho na leitura e escrita
Keywords in Portuguese
Adulto
Cognição
Comorbidade
Dislexia
Transtorno do deficit de atenção com hiperatividade
Transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: Estima-se a prevalência da comorbidade do TDAH e dislexia seja entre 25% e 40% em sujeitos com esses transtornos, devido ao compartilhamento de fatores etiológicos de risco. Quando se trata de adultos, o foco dos estudos geralmente é direcionado somente para um dos transtornos, fazendo com que ainda não exista muito conhecimento sobre as características que são compartilhadas, ou diferenciadas, entre esses dois transtornos. Objetivo: Identificar as características cognitivas e fonológicas, e o desempenho na leitura e escrita, de adultos portadores do TDAH e dislexia. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo transversal caso-controle. Foram realizadas consulta psiquiátrica, e aplicados protocolos fonoaudiológicos e neuropsicológicos. A análise estatística envolveu a estatística descritiva, comparação entre a média dos escores obtidos nas avaliações, análise dos componentes principais, teste estatístico K-means clustering e análise discriminante. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 94 sujeitos adultos, divididos em 4 grupos: TDAH (n = 37), dislexia (n = 12), TDAH/dislexia (n = 17) e controle sadio (n = 28). A validação cruzada da análise discriminante apresentou acurácia de 63,93%. Conclusões: Propomos um modelo dimensional para melhor compreensão e identificação da comorbidade TDAH/dislexia, a partir dos principais marcadores encontrados na análise discriminante: consciência fonológica, desempenho de leitura, desempenho ortográfico, velocidade de nomeação, e memória operacional e de curto prazo verbais
Title in English
ADHD and dyslexia in adults: assessment of cognitive and phonological skills, and performance in reading and writing
Keywords in English
Adult
Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity
Cognition
Comorbidity
Dislexia
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Abstract in English
Introduction: The prevalence of comorbidity of ADHD and dyslexia is estimated between 25% and 40% among those affected by these disorders, due to the sharing of etiological risk factors. Usually the focus is still exclusively aimed at one of these disorders, so there is few knowledge about the characteristics shared by TDAH and dyslexia in comorbidity. Objective: To find out the cognitive profile and characteristics of writing, phonological and speech processing and spelling performance for adults with ADHD, Dyslexia, or both conditions. Material and Methods: Case-control crosssectional study. A Psychiatric consultation was carried out, and speech-language and neuropsychological protocols were applied. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, comparison between the mean scores obtained in the assessments, principal components analyses, K-means clustering and discriminant analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 94 adults, divided into 4 groups: ADHD (n = 37), dyslexia (n = 12), ADHD/dyslexia (n = 17) and healthy control (n = 28). The crossvalidation of the discriminant analysis showed an accuracy of 63.93%. Conclusions: A dimensional model was proposed for better understanding and identification of ADHD/dyslexia comorbidity, based on the main indicators found in the discriminant analysis: phonological awareness, reading performance, spelling performance, naming speed, and verbal working memory
 
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Publishing Date
2022-11-30
 
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