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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2018.tde-06042018-124923
Document
Author
Full name
Paula Cunha Pegado de Souza Aranha Vieira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Bilyk, Bacy Fleitlich (President)
Malbergier, André
Hoexter, Marcelo Queiroz
 
Title in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento, avaliação e manualização de um programa piloto de tratamento cognitivo comportamental para adolescentes brasileiros com anorexia nervosa
Keywords in Portuguese
Adolescente
Anorexia nervosa
Terapia
Terapia cognitiva
Terapia de grupo
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A Anorexia Nervosa (AN) é um transtorno alimentar grave com altas taxas de morbimortalidade. O tratamento padrão para adolescentes com AN é baseado na inclusão da família e quanto mais precoce for o início em pacientes mais jovens, menor o risco de cronificação. Como o Family based treatment (FBT) pode não se adequar a todas as famílias ou pacientes, a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) pode ser uma alternativa, porém ainda apresenta dados insuficientes na literatura cientifica. Objetivos: Desenvolver e avaliar os efeitos de um programa piloto de TCC em grupo no cuidado de adolescentes com AN. Desfechos primários: recuperação do peso, com base na adequação ou melhora do percentil esperado para a idade, de acordo com a curva de crescimento, e melhora dos sintomas, avaliada pelo Questionário de Exame para Transtornos Alimentares (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire [EDE-Q]). Desfechos secundários: funcionamento global avaliado pelo Children Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (CGAS), autoestima avaliada pelo Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), motivação medida através da Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ) e satisfação de vida investigada pela Escala Multidimensional de Satisfação de Vida (ESMVA). Método: Ensaio clínico com 22 pacientes com AN (DSM IV) divididos em dois grupos: grupo intervenção (GI) (n=11; TCC, psiquiatria, nutrição e psicoeducativo familiar) e grupo controle GC (n=11; psiquiatria, nutrição e psicoeducativo familiar). Dados coletados antes dos grupos, ao final e seis meses após seu término. Resultados: Grupos homogêneos na linha de base, com exceção da medida de funcionamento global, superior no GI (p=0,024). Adesão de 91% no GI vs 54% no GC (Z=1,91; p=0,05). Todos os pacientes que concluíram o GI (n=10) e o GC (n=06) recuperaram peso e diminuíram sintomas de transtornos alimentares (TA). Embora apenas a subescala de restrição do EDE-Q tenha apresentado diferença estatisticamente significativa na comparação de desempenho entre GI e GC, no follow-up (W=6,19, p=0,012), a análise descritiva das médias de todas as escalas do EDE-Q é inferior no GI, o que indica menor severidade de sintomas de transtorno alimentar nesse grupo. Nas medidas de desfechos secundários os dois grupos produziram efeitos positivos entre o início e o final e entre o início e o follow-up. GI se diferenciou do GC por produzir efeitos entre o final e o follow-up, com melhora significativa nas medidas de autoestima, motivação e nas dimensões da escala de satisfação de vida relacionadas ao "self" e à "não violência", o que indica que continua produzindo efeitos, mesmo após o término do grupo, diminuindo o risco de recaídas. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o programa de TCC em grupo foi aceito, produziu efeitos positivos e pode ser aplicado em adolescentes brasileiros com AN como coadjuvante no tratamento multidisciplinar para melhorar a adesão e evitar o risco de recaídas
 
Title in English
A pilot program containing development, assessment and manualization of cognitive behaviral treatment for Brazilian adolescentes with anorexia nervosa
Keywords in English
Anorexia nervosa, Adolescent
Cognitive therapy
Psychotherapy group
Therapy
Abstract in English
Introduction: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder with high morbimortality rates. The standard treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa always includes the family. The earlier treatment is initiated, higher the chances of avoiding chronicity. Family based treatment (FBT) might not work for all families and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) becomes an alternative. However the scientific reaserch investigating effectiveness of CBT for adolescents with anorexia nervosa still needs to develop further. Objective: To develop and evaluate the effects of a pilot program of CBT in group when treating adolescents with AN. Primary outcomes: weight gain based on adjustment to or improvement of percentile for their age according to the growth curve, and improvement in symptoms assessed through Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Secondary outcomes: Global functioning assessed through the Children Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (CGAS), self-esteem through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), motivation measure by the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ) and life satisfaction according to the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale (ESMVA). Method: Clinical trial with 22 AN patients (DSM IV) divided into two groups: intervention group (IG) (n = 11; received CBT, psychiatric, nutritional and psychoeducational treatment) and control group (CG) (n = 11; received psychiatric, nutritional and psychoeducational treatment. Data collected at baseline, post-treatment and at a 6-month follow-up were analysed. Results: Homogeneous baseline groups, with the exception of the superior overall functioning measure in the IG (p=0,024). Adherence to treatment was 91% in the IG vs 54% in the CG (Z=1,91; p=0,05). All patients who completed the IG (n=10) and the CG (n=06) regained weight and decreased symptoms of eating disorders (ED). Although only the restriction subscale of the EDE-Q presented a statistically significant difference in the comparison between groups. At follow-up the descriptive analysis of the means of all scales of the EDE-Q were lower in the IG, which indicates a lower severity of eating disorder symptoms (W=6,19, p=0,012). The secondary outcomes showed that the two groups produced positive effects between baseline and post-treatment and between baseline and follow-up. IG differed from CG because it presented effects between the end and the follow-up, with significant improvement in measures of self-esteem, motivation and the dimensions "self" and "non-violence" at the life satisfaction scale, suggesting that IG might continue to show effects even after the end of treatment, possibly decreasing the risk of relapse. Conclusion: The results suggest that the program of group CBT was accepted, produced positive effects and can be applied in Brazilian adolescents with AN, as a coadjuvant in a multidisciplinary approach to improve adherence and avoid the risk of relapse
 
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Publishing Date
2018-04-10
 
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