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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2023.tde-26032024-140827
Document
Author
Full name
Alexis German Murillo Carrasco
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Chammas, Roger (President)
Santoro, Marcos Leite
Kimura, Edna Teruko
Moniz, Camila Motta Venchiarutti
Title in Portuguese
Heterogeneidade relacionada ao câncer de mama representada em miRNAs circulantes e vesiculares: resultados de ensaios de alto rendimento e prova de conceito para seleção de vesículas extracelulares derivadas de tumor
Keywords in Portuguese
Biópsia líquida
Câncer de mama
Ensaios de triagem em larga escala
miRNA
Proteínas de ligação a glicanos
Vesículas extracelulares
Abstract in Portuguese
O câncer de mama conquistou recentemente o título de tipo de câncer mais diagnosticado em todo o mundo, com destaque para as mulheres diagnosticadas antes dos 40 anos (câncer de mama jovem). Independentemente da idade, embora a classificação baseada em perfis imunohistoquímicos seja um amplo sistema de triagem, prognóstico e predição de tratamento, os pacientes com CM necessitam de informações adicionais para receber tratamento mais adequado. Então, foi proposto que as características do tumor pudessem ser coletadas a partir de amostras de sangue (biópsias líquidas sistêmicas). No plasma sanguíneo, os microRNAs (miRNAs) são ferramentas reguladoras que podem ser coletadas e medidas como material circulante livre de células ou em vesículas extracelulares (VEs). Nesta tese, exploramos o miRNoma do conteúdo circulante (cf-miRNA) e vesicular (EV-miRNA) de pacientes com CM classificados nos principais grupos imuno-histoquímicos (Luminal A, Luminal B, Luminal HER2, HER2+ e Triplo-negativo). Investigamos duas coortes diferentes de amostras de CM em experimentos de EV-miRNA para avaliar protocolos técnicos e descobertas consistentes. Percebemos que o cf-miRNA é suscetível à contaminação com outras fontes circulantes, como a hemólise. No entanto, tanto o cf-miRNA quanto o EV-miRNA, são fontes informativas para determinar diferenças de expressão de miRNA entre os subtipos de BC. Os níveis circulante e vesicular dos microRNAs hsa-miR-197-3p e hsa-miR-5001-5p diferenciam pacientes Triplo-negativo e Luminal HER2, respetivamente. Somente na carga vesicular, hsa-miR-411-5p caracteriza pacientes Luminal HER2, enquanto hsa-miR-1266-5p, hsa-miR-584-5p, hsa-miR-2053, hsa-miR-525-5p e hsa-miR-642a-5p distinguem pacientes jovens com câncer de mama Triplo-negativo. Junto com esses experimentos, encontramos diversos miRNAs desregulados, alguns associados a vias associadas a tumores, mas outros relacionados a processos antitumorais. Então, realizamos também experimentos com uma proteína ligante de glicanos produzida em jaca (Artocarpus integrifolia) para demonstrar que esta lectina pode marcar seus alvos, o antígeno Tn relacionado ao tumor e seus derivados, em tecidos fixados em formalina e embebidos em parafina (FFPE) e linhagens celulares de CM, bem como VEs isoladas de pacientes com CM. Observamos que 10% do total de VEs circulantes são Tn+, demonstrando assim ser possível selecionar frações de VEs plasmáticas por proteínas em sua superfície usando estratégias de afinidade
Title in English
Breast cancer-related heterogeneity reflected on circulating and vesicular miRNAs: high-throughput results and proof-of-concept for selecting tumor-derived extracellular vesicles
Keywords in English
Breast cancer
Extracellular vesicles
Glycan-binding proteins
High-throughput screening assays
Liquid biopsy
miRNA
Abstract in English
Breast cancer has recently become the most frequently diagnosed cancer type worldwide, with a particular emphasis on women diagnosed before age 40, known as early-onset (young diagnosed) breast cancer. While classification based on immunohistochemical profiles serves as a broad screening, prognosis, and treatment prediction system, BC patients often require additional information for precise treatment. Clinical routines also demand minimally invasive methods to obtain patients' data and monitor their treatment response. In light of these challenges, this study proposed the collection of tumor characteristics from blood samples (liquid biopsies), with emphasis on the accumulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) regulatory molecules that are found in the cell-free circulating material, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this thesis, we explored the miRNome of both circulating (cf-miRNA) and vesicular (EV-miRNA) content of BC patients classified into main immunohistochemical groups (Luminal A, Luminal B, Luminal HER2, HER2+, and TNBC). Two separate cohorts of BC samples were run in EV-miRNA experiments to assess technical protocols to ensure consistent results. Upon analyzing miRNA expression data, it became evident that cf-miRNA is susceptible to contamination from other circulating sources, such as hemolysis. However, both cf-miRNA and EV-miRNA proved to be informative sources for discerning miRNA expression differences between BC subtypes. For instance, hsa-miR-197-3p distinguished TNBC patients, and hsa-miR-5001-5p differentiated Luminal HER2 patients, as observed in both cf-miRNA and EV-miRNA datasets. Among vesicular cargo, hsa-miR-411-5p characterizes Luminal HER2 patients, whereas hsa-miR-1266-5p, hsa-miR-584-5p, hsa-miR-2053, hsa-miR-525-5p, and hsa-miR-642a-5p were indicative of young TNBC patients. In addition to these specific markers, various deregulated miRNAs were identified, some associated with tumor-related pathways and others linked to anti-tumor processes. This discovery led to the hypothesis that different EV subpopulations might exist in the bloodstream. We then performed experiments using a glycan-binding protein derived from jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) to identify specific targets (tumor-related Tn antigen and its derivatives) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and in plasma. BC cell lines, and EVs isolated from BC tumors were tested using Jacalin and recovered through incubation with D-galactose (the monosaccharide which binds in the carbohydrate recognition domain of Jacalin). This approach successfully separated 10% of total EVs, demonstrating the feasibility of selecting plasma EV fractions using surface glycoproteins and affinity strategies
 
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Publishing Date
2024-04-10
 
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