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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2011.tde-24052011-142744
Document
Author
Full name
Junea Caris de Oliveira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2011
Supervisor
Committee
Carvalho, André Lopes (President)
Fregnani, José Humberto Tavares Guerreiro
Longatto Filho, Adhemar
Title in Portuguese
Unidade móvel de prevenção na busca ativa do câncer do colo do útero nas zonas urbana e rural de Barretos
Keywords in Portuguese
Neoplasias do colo do útero/prevenção & controle
Programas de rastreamento
Unidades móveis de saúde
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero é um problema de saúde publica, é uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade em mulheres de todo mundo. O rastreamento com a citologia de Papanicolaou, quando realizado periodicamente demonstrou ser eficaz na redução de incidência e mortalidade em países desenvolvidos. O rastreamento com unidade móvel de prevenção é uma estratégia para o diagnóstico precoce do câncer do colo do útero. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados do programa de rastreamento com busca ativa e unidade móvel na detecção precoce do câncer do colo do útero na população das zonas urbana e rural de Barretos. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, com 16.849 mulheres na zona urbana e 1.055 na zona rural de Barretos. O projeto inclui visitas domiciliares repetidas de um profissional de saúde da unidade móvel do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos (HCB), entrevista e coleta de Papanicolaou. Mulheres com diagnóstico citológico de ASC-US, ASC-H, lesões intraepiteliais e carcinoma invasivo, foram convocadas para colposcopia e todas as mulheres com histopatológico de carcinoma foram tratadas e permanecem em seguimento no HCB. Os resultados deste programa foram comparados com dados do registro sobre câncer do colo do útero do Departamento Regional de Saúde V (DRS-V) e da Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo (FOSP), do mesmo período. Resultados: Na zona urbana 10.350 (61,4%) mulheres foram examinadas e realizaram o exame de Papanicolaou, com taxa de cobertura de 62,9% nas mulheres em idade alvo (25 a 60 anos) do programa brasileiro. Foram identificados 35 casos de carcinoma, sendo 77,1% de carcinoma espinocelular in situ. A idade média foi 41,9 anos, 81,4% das mulheres examinadas eram das classes socioeconômicas D e E, e 88,6% apresentavam exame prévio de Papanicolaou. Na zona rural, 1.055 (100%) mulheres foram entrevistadas, examinadas e realizaram o exame de Papanicolaou, com taxa de cobertura de 74,4% na idade alvo. Foram identificados 6 casos de carcinoma, sendo 83,3% de carcinoma espinocelular in situ. A idade média foi de 39,8 anos, 86,7% nas classes socioeconômicas D e E, e 81,0% das mulheres apresentavam exame de Papanicolaou prévio. Analisamos os dados do programa de rastreamento do HCB e comparamos com os dados, em relação ao estadiamento, da DRS-V e FOSP, no mesmo período. Está análise mostrou que houve uma prevalência de lesões in situ em relação às invasivas no programa de rastreamento do HCB quando comparado à DRS-V (p=0,005) e à FOSP (p<0,001). Conclusões: O rastreamento com busca ativa e unidade móvel é um método efetivo no diagnóstico precoce do câncer do colo do útero
Title in English
Mobile prevention unit for actively searching for uterine cervical cancer in the urban and rural zones of Barretos
Keywords in English
Mobile health units
Screening program
Uterine cervical cancer/prevention and control
Abstract in English
Introduction: Uterine cervical cancer is a public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Screening using the Papanicolaou cytological test, when done repeatedly, has been shown to be effective for reducing the incidence and mortality of this disease in developed countries. Screening with an active search using a mobile unit is a strategy for early diagnosis of uterine cervical cancer. Objective: To evaluate the results from a screening program with an active search using a mobile unit for early detection of uterine cervical cancer among the populations in the urban and rural zones of Barretos. Sample and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study on 16,849 women in the urban zone and 1,055 in the rural zone of Barretos. The project included repeated home visits by a healthcare professional from the mobile unit of Barretos Cancer Hospital (HCB), interviews and collection of Papanicolaou smears. Women with a cytological diagnosis of ASC-US, ASC-H, intraepithelial lesions and invasive carcinoma were called in for colposcopy examinations. All the women with a histopathological diagnosis of carcinoma were treated and remained under follow-up by HCB. The results were compared with data from the uterine cervical cancer records of the Fifth Regional Health Department (DRS-V) and the Oncocenter Foundation of São Paulo (FOSP), covering the same period. Results: From the urban zone, 10,350 Papanicolaou smears (61.4%) were collected, with a coverage rate of 62.9% of the women at the target age for the Brazilian program. There were 35 cases of carcinoma, of which 77.1% were in situ squamous cell carcinoma. The womens mean age was 41.9 years; 81.4% were in socioeconomic classes D and E; and 88.6% had had a previous Papanicolaou examination. In the rural zone, 1,055 Papanicolaou smears (100.0%) were collected, with a coverage rate of 74.4% of the women at the target age. There were six cases of carcinoma, of which 83.3% were in situ squamous cell carcinoma. The womens mean age was 39.8 years; 86.7% were in socioeconomic classes D and E; and 81.0% had had a previous Papanicolaou examination. We analyzed the data from the HCB screening program in comparison with the staging data from DRS-V and FOSP, over the same period. There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of in situ and invasive carcinoma found in the HCB screening program in relation to DRS-V (p = 0.0046) and in relation to FOSP (p < 0.001). This analysis showed that there was higher prevalence of in situ lesions than of invasive lesions in the HCB screening program. Conclusions: Screening with an active search using a mobile unit is an effective method for early diagnosis of uterine cervical cancer
 
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Publishing Date
2011-05-25
 
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