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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2021.tde-19082021-151622
Document
Author
Full name
Rodolfo Pacheco de Moraes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Faria, Sabrina Thalita dos Reis (President)
Araújo, Luiz Henrique de Andrade
Lopes, Roberto Iglesias
Ribeiro Filho, Leopoldo Alves
Title in Portuguese
O papel dos marcadores MMP-9, TIMP-1, RECK e miR-338-3p no diagnóstico e prognóstico do câncer de próstata
Keywords in Portuguese
Biópsia guiada por imagem
Câncer de próstata
Inibidores teciduais de metaloproteinases
Marcadores biológicos
Metaloproteinases de matriz
MicroRNA
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de próstata (CaP) é a segunda neoplasia maligna mais diagnosticada na população masculina. Embora a dosagem do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) seja universalmente aceita nos protocolos de rastreamento do CaP e como fator prognóstico, este marcador apresenta algumas limitações, sendo responsável por um número grande de biópsias prostáticas desnecessárias. Novos marcadores biológicos com a intenção de aumentar a acurácia no diagnóstico da doença clinicamente significante vêm sendo buscados. A metaloproteinase de matriz tipo 9 (MMP-9) tem sido implicada no processo de desenvolvimento e de progressão de alguns tipos de cânceres. Alguns inibidores endógenos da MMP-9, dentre eles o inibidor tecidual de metaloproteinase tipo 1 (TIMP-1), a proteína indutora de reversão rica em cisteína com domínio Kazal (RECK) e o microRNA 338-3p (miR-338-3p), por outro lado, têm sido estudados como possíveis fatores protetores. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o papel da MMP-9 e de seus reguladores (TIMP-1, RECK e miR- 338-3p) para o diagnóstico e prognóstico do CaP. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 134 pacientes submetidos a biópsia transretal da próstata guiada por ultrassonografia para análise de expressão tecidual pelo método de qRT-PCR (61 casos x 73 controles); destes pacientes, foram selecionados 90 (45 casos e 45 controles) para análise de expressão proteica em amostras de urina pelo método de ELISA. RESULTADOS: Quanto à expressão tecidual dos genes e miRNA, aproximadamente 58% dos pacientes foram superexpressos para MMP-9, enquanto 73%, 65% e 69% foram subexpressos para TIMP-1, RECK e miR-338-3p, respectivamente. O miR-338- 3p apresentou menor expressão nos pacientes com nível de PSA > 20ng/mL (p=0,045) e toque retal anormal (p = 0,006), enquanto o RECK teve uma maior expressão nos pacientes com toque retal anormal (p = 0,01) e TIMP-1 foi mais expresso nos pacientes do grupo 5 da International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) (p = 0,01). Não foi identificada diferença estatística nos níveis das proteínas MMP-9, TIMP- 1 e RECK em amostras urinárias entre casos e controles, com nível de expressão para MMP-9 de 1,78 ± 1,00 versus 1,45 ± 0,98; p=0,130 (casos versus controles). CONCLUSÃO: Encontramos um perfil de superexpressão para MMP-9 e de subexpressão para TIMP-1, RECK e miR-338-3p em amostras de tecido prostático de pacientes com CaP. Observamos uma maior expressão urinária da proteína MMP-9 nos pacientes portadores de CaP. Não pudemos definir de forma consistente esses perfis de expressão como fatores prognósticos.
Title in English
The role of MMP-9, TIMP-1, RECK, and miR-338-3p for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.
Keywords in English
Biomarkers
Image-guided biopsy
Matrix metalloproteinases
MicroRNA
Prostate cancer
TIMP proteins
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent malignancy found in men worldwide. Although the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is universally accepted for PCa screening and prognostic definition, it has some limitations and has found to be responsible for a large number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. New biomarkers aiming to increase the accuracy for the diagnosis of clinically significant disease are being continually researched. The matrix metalloproteinase type 9 (MMP-9) protein has been implicated in the process of development and progression of some types of cancers. On the other hand, some endogenous inhibitors for MMP-9, including the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1), the reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), and the microRNA- 338-3p (miR-338-3p), have been studied as possible protective factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of MMP-9 and its regulators (TIMP-1, RECK, and miR- 338-3p) for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa. METHODS: One hundred thirty-four patients submitted to a transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were selected for analysis of tissue expression using the real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method (61 cases, 73 controls); of these patients, 90 (45 cases and 45 controls) were selected for analysis of protein expression in the urine using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS: As for tissue expression of genes and miRNA, approximately 58% of patients with PCa presented overexpressed MMP-9, while 73%, 65%, and 69% had underexpressed TIMP-1, RECK, and miR-338-3p, respectively. MiR-338-3p was expressed to a lesser degree in patients with PSA level > 20 ng/mL (p = 0.045) and abnormal digital rectal examination (p = 0.006), while RECK was expressed to a higher level in patients with abnormal digital rectal examination (p = 0.01), and TIMP-1 was expressed to a higher level in patients in the grade group 5 of the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) (p = 0.01). No statistical differences were identified in the levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and RECK proteins in urine between cases and controls with an MMP-9 expression level of 1.78 ± 1.00 versus 1.45 ± 0.98; p = 0.130 (cases versus controls). CONCLUSION: We found an overexpression profile for MMP-9 and an underexpression profile for TIMP-1, RECK, and miR-338-3p in prostatic tissue from patients with PCa. We observed a higher urinary expression of the MMP-9 protein in patients with PCa. We were unable to consistently define these expression profiles as prognostic factors.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-08-19
 
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