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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2021.tde-08122021-130307
Document
Author
Full name
Leonardo Lima Borges
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Leite, Katia Ramos Moreira (President)
Chade, Daher Cezar
Lemos, Gustavo Caserta
Ribeiro Filho, Leopoldo Alves
Title in Portuguese
Identificação de marcadores biomoleculares preditivos de resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante no carcinoma urotelial de bexiga
Keywords in Portuguese
Biomarcadores
Neoplasias da bexiga urinária
Quimioterapia adjuvante
Terapia neoadjuvante
Abstract in Portuguese
O tratamento para o Carcinoma urotelial da Bexiga (CaUB) com invasão da camada muscular própria envolve a Cistectomia Radical (CR) e a linfadenectomia regional. A quimioterapia (QT) neoadjuvante baseada em Cisplatina apresenta melhora na sobrevida em 5 anos de 5 a 10%. Ao se estratificar os pacientes de acordo com o grau de resposta à QT observa-se sobrevida aos 5 anos de 80-90% para os quimiossensíveis, 30-40% para os quimiorresistentes e 50% para aqueles tratados com CR isolada. Neste contexto é importante selecionar os pacientes sensíveis à QT, que obteriam melhora da sobrevida com o tratamento combinado. Sabe-se que o CaUB é bastante heterogêneo em termos de alterações genéticas, expressão de RNA e proteínas. Neste estudo foram avaliados os marcadores imuno-histoquímicos (IHQ) que potencialmente confeririam resposta à QT neoadjuvante em CaUB invasivos submetidos a CR. Entre 2009 e 2016, 384 pacientes foram operados no Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), sendo que 52 receberam QT neoadjuvante e 25 tinham os espécimes cirúrgicos disponíveis, tanto da primeira intervenção cirúrgica (Ressecção Transuretral - RTU) quanto da CR para avaliação. Este material foi objeto do estudo da expressão das proteínas, relacionando os achados à presença de resposta patológica à QT e à sobrevida. O intervalo médio entre o fim da QT e a cirurgia foi de 58,7 (+21) dias. Dezesseis (64%) pacientes vieram a óbito ao longo do tratamento com um tempo médio de 49,3 (+52,7) dias. Dez (40%) pacientes apresentaram resposta à QT. Foram identificadas Variantes Histológicas do CaUB em 36% dos casos e nenhum desses pacientes respondeu à QT neoadjuvante (p=0,002). O biomarcador Anidrase Carbônica 9 (CAIX) foi expresso por 53% dos não-respondedores sendo negativo em todos os pacientes que responderam à QT. Nossos resultados mostram que expressão de CAIX (p=0,005) e a presença de variantes histológicas no CaUB são potenciais biomarcadores de não-resposta à QT neoadjuvante e podem ser facilmente usados na prática clínica
Title in English
Identification of biomolecular markers predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma
Keywords in English
Biomarkers
Chemotherapy adjuvant
Neoadjuvant therapy
Urinary bladder neoplasms
Abstract in English
Treatment for muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC) involves radical cystectomy (RC) and regional lymphadenectomy. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) based on platinum improves 5-year survival from 5 to 10%. A 5-year survival rate of 80-90% for chemosensitive patients, 30-40% for chemoresistant patients, and 50% for those treated with isolated RC were observed when patients were stratified. It is crucial to select patients sensitive to QT who have better survival outcomes using combined treatment. It is known that MIBC is quite heterogeneous in terms of genetic alterations, RNA, and protein expression. In this study, immunohistochemical markers that could potentially confer response to neoadjuvant QT in MIBC treated with RC were evaluated. Between 2009 and 2016, 384 patients underwent surgery at the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP). Of those, 52 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and surgical specimens were available from 25 patients, both from the first surgical intervention (Transurethral Resection) and RC. The protein expression of the surgical specimens was evaluated to relate the presence of pathological response to QT and survival. The average interval between the end of chemotherapy and surgery was 58.7+ 21 days. Sixteen (64%) patients died during treatment (mean 49.3+ 52.7 days). Ten (40%) patients responded to the QT. MIBC histological variants were identified in 36% of the cases, and none of these patients responded to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.002). The biomarker Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX) was expressed by 53% of non-responders and was negative in all patients responding to QT. Our results show that CAIX expression (p=0.005) and the presence of histological variants in MIBC are potential biomarkers for non-responders to neoadjuvant QT and can be used in clinical practice
 
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Publishing Date
2021-12-14
 
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