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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2022.tde-13042023-121750
Document
Author
Full name
Luciana Tamiê Kato Morinaga
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Souza, Rogério de (President)
Deheinzelin, Daniel
Albuquerque, André Luiz Pereira de
Hoette, Susana
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação do comportamento cronotrópico e ventilatório de pacientes com hipertensão arterial pulmonar
Keywords in Portuguese
Espaço morto respiratório
Esquistossomose
Frequência cardíaca
Hipertensão arterial pulmonar
Sistema nervoso autônomo
Teste de esforço
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP) é uma doença grave caracterizada por dispneia e disfunção ventricular direita progressiva. A forma idiopática da doença (HAPI) é mais frequente, mas diferentes condições são associadas ao surgimento da síndrome. A hipertensão arterial pulmonar associada à esquistossomose (HAP-Sch) representa percentual significativo no Brasil e esses pacientes apresentam condição clínica mais benigna quando comparados aos pacientes com HAPI. Objetivo: Comparar pacientes com HAP-Sch e HAPI em relação a 1) resposta ao exercício avaliada pelo teste cardiopulmonar (TCP), e 2) ativação autonômica medida pela variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (VFC) e atividade neural simpática muscular (ANSM) de nervo peroneal. Resultados: Pacientes com HAP-Sch e HAPI tiveram respostas semelhante no TCP, à exceção dos valores de PETCO2 no exercício máximo (PETCO2pico = 27,7±6,57mmHg no grupo HAP-Sch versus 23,92±3,32mmHg no grupo HAPI; p=0,021). A recuperação da frequência cardíaca após exercício foi semelhante (recuperação no 1o minuto, ou RFC1min = 16,05±10,05bpm nos pacientes com HAP-Sch, e 23,67±27,91bpm nos pacientes com HAPI (p=0,30). Ambos os grupos apresentaram níveis semelhantes de ativação simpática (ANSM = 43,9±8,68 disparos/min no grupo HAP-Sch, e 49,7±11,20 disparos/min no grupo HAPI; p=0,17). Houve correlação positiva entre a ANSM e a pressão de átrio direito (PAD) medida pelo cateterismo de câmaras direitas (r=0,62; p=0,02). A VFC avaliada em domínio de tempo não demonstrou diferenças entre os dois grupos (desvio padrão do intervalo NN, DNPP = 45,65±25,25ms e 35,62±20,07ms entre HAP-Sch e HAPI; p=0,31). O mesmo ocorreu com as medidas em domínio de frequência (relação entre baixa e alta frequência, BF/AF=1,9±1,41 e 0,84±0,53, HAP-Sch e HAPI, respectivamente). Não houve correlação entre a medida do PETCO2pico e marcadores de ANSM e VFC. Conclusão: Diferenças no balanço autonômico não explicam o melhor prognóstico dos pacientes com HAP-Sch. A menor queda de PETCO2 durante e exercício encontrada nesses pacientes sugere menor insuficiência ventilatória, e não esteve associada aos marcadores ativação simpática ou modulação autonômica. O aumento da atividade simpática nos pacientes com HAP está associada com maior gravidade hemodinâmica e sobrecarga pressórica atrial
Title in English
Evaluation of the chronotropic and ventilatory response to exercise arterial pulmonary hypertension
Keywords in English
Autonomic nervous system
Exercise test
Heart rate
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Respiratory dead space
Schistosomiasis
Abstract in English
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease with deadly prognosis characterized by dyspnea and progressive right heart failure. Although the idiopathic form (IPAH) is the most prevalent, different conditions are associated with this syndrome. Schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (Sch-PAH) amounts to a significant percentage of cases in Brazil and patients present with a more benign condition when compared to IPAH patients. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare patients with Sch-PAH and IPAH in terms of 1) response to exercise, as assessed by the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPT), and 2) autonomic status evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) of the peroneal nerve. Results: Patients with Sch-PAH and IPAH showed similar responses to exercise during CPT, with the exception of PETCO2 values at maximum exercise (PETCO2peak = 27,7±6,57mmHg in Sch-PAH patients versus 23,92±3,32mmHg in IPAH patients; p=0,021). Heart rate recovery after maximum exercise was similar in both groups (recovery at first minute, or HRR1 results were 16,05±10,05bpm and 23,67±27,91bpm for Sch-PAH and IPAH patients, respectively (p=0,30). There were also no differences in MSNA measurements (Sch-PAH patients showed 43,9±8,68 bursts/min, versus 49,7±11,20bursts/min for IPAH patients; p=0,17). There was a positive correlation between MSNA activity (bursts/min) and right atrial pressure measured by right heart catheterization. (r=0,62 e p=0,02). Time domain HRV measures were similar in both groups. (standard deviation of NN intervals, SDNN = 45,65 ± 25,25ms and 35,62 ± 20,07ms for Sch-PAH and IPAH, respectively; p = 0,31). No differences were found in the spectral analysis as well (low versus high frequency ratio, LF/HF=1,9±1,41 e 0,84±0,53 for Sch-PAH and IPAH, respectively). No correlations were found between PETCO2peak values and HRV variables or MSNA. Conclusion: Autonomic system modulation differences do not explain the difference in prognosis found in Sch-PAH patients. The less significant reduction in PETCO2 values during exercise in these patients suggests their ventilatory efficiency may be less compromised and was not associated with sympathetic activation or autonomic modulation variables. Sympathetic tonus increase was associated with worse hemodinamic status and atrial pressure overload
 
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Publishing Date
2023-04-17
 
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