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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2020.tde-10032021-191927
Document
Author
Full name
Maria Fernanda Abalem de Sá Carricondo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Preti, Rony Carlos (President)
Helal Junior, John
Regatieri, Caio Vinicius Saito
Zacharias, Leandro Cabral
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação funcional e estrutural da retina e coroide pela tomografia de coerência óptica em diabéticos com ou sem acometimento renal em tratamento
Keywords in Portuguese
Acuidade Visual
Coroides
Diabetes mellitus
Glicemia
Retinopatia diabética
Tomografia de coerência óptica
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: Existe controvérsia em relação à espessura da coroide em pacientes com Diabetes mellitus (DM). Neste estudo, comparou-se a espessura de coroide em pacientes sem diabetes (controle) e diabéticos com e sem presença de retinopatia diabética (RD) em seus diferentes estágios. Avaliou-se também a correlação da espessura da coroide com variáveis sistêmicas e oculares. MÉTODO: Este estudo transversal incluiu pacientes com e sem diabetes do ambulatório de Oftalmologia. Mediu-se a espessura da coroide por meio da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (SD-OCT), e foram avaliadas as variáveis sistêmicas como: medida da hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), glicemia plasmática de jejum (GPJ), glicemia plasmática capilar (GPC), taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFGe), índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e pressão arterial média (PAM). Também foram avaliadas as variáveis oculares como: acuidade visual corrigida (AVCC) e espessura macular pela SD-OCT. RESULTADOS: O estudo incluiu 275 pacientes (275 olhos), dos quais 42 (15,27%) apresentaram-se com diabetes e sem RD, 43 (15,63 %), com RD leve, 46 (16,72 %), com RD moderada, 39 (14,18 %), com RD grave, 24 (8,72 %), com RD proliferativa, 40 (14,54 %), RD proliferativa status pós-panfotocoagulação, e 41 (14,90 %) indivíduos sem diabetes. A coorte diabética consistiu em 234 participantes, dos quais 50,0% eram homens e 85,9% tinham DM tipo 2. Em média, esses pacientes tinham 59,6 (± 13,0) anos e tinham diabetes há 15,9 (±8,68) anos. O grupo controle apresentou a coroide mais espessa (327,09 µm ± 48,77) comparado ao grupo de pacientes diabéticos (280,47 µm ± 83,40) com significância estatística (p < 0,001). Houve uma redução progressiva da média da espessura da coroide entre os grupos. O grupo sem RD apresentou a espessura da coroide maior (306,97 µm ± 77,84), seguido do grupo RDNP leve (301,83 µm ± 91,33), grupo RDNP moderada (300,36 µm ± 70,36), grupo RDNP grave (283,20 µm ± 86,80), RDP (250,08 µm ± 58,75) e RD pós laser (222,40 µm ± 73,15), com significância estatística (p < 0,001). As variáveis idade, tempo de duração do DM, estágio da RD, TFGe, IMC, GPC e AVCC foram as únicas que apresentaram uma correlação estatisticamente significativa (P < 0,001). Após o ajuste para a idade, apenas a GPC foi a variável que apresentou correlação estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001). Em subanálise entre os grupos de pacientes com DM, a influência da GPC sobre a espessura da coroide manteve-se estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001) apenas nos pacientes diabéticos sem RD, RDNP leve, RDNP moderada.CONCLUSÃO: A espessura da coroide reduz à medida que a RD progride e sofre influência da GPC no momento do exame em pacientes com sem RD, RDNP leve, RDNP moderada. A espessura da coroide deve, portanto, ser ajustada, de acordo com esta variável em pacientes diabéticos
Title in English
Choroidal and macular evaluation by optical coherence tomography in diabetic patients with or without renal disease
Keywords in English
Blood glucose
Choroid
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic retinopathy
Optical coherence tomography
Visual acuity
Abstract in English
BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding choroidal thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we compared choroidal thickness in patients without diabetes (control) and diabetics with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR) in its different stages. We also evaluated the correlation of choroidal thickness with systemic and ocular variables. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included patients with and without diabetes from the Ophthalmology outpatient clinic. We measured choroidal thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and evaluated systemic variables such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), capillary plasma glucose (CPG), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGTR), body mass index (BMI), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). We also evaluated ocular variables such as corrected visual acuity and macular thickness by SD-OCT. RESULTS: The study included 275 patients (275 eyes), of whom 42 (15.27%) presented with diabetes and no DR; 43 (15.63%) with mild DR; 46 (16.72%), with moderate DR; 39 (14.18%), with severe DR; 24 (8.72%), with proliferative DR; 40 (14.54%), DR proliferative after panphotocoagulation; and 41 (14.90%) individuals without diabetes. The diabetic cohort consisted of 234 participants, of whom 50.0% were men and 85.9% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. On average, these patients were 59.6 (± 13.0) years old and had diabetes for 15.9 years. (± 8.68) years. The control group had the thickest choroid (327.09 µm ± 48.77) compared to the group of diabetic patients (280.47 µm ± 83.40 ) with statistical significance (p < 0,001). There was a progressive reduction in the average choroidal thickness among groups. The group without DR had the largest choroidal thickness (306.97 µm ± 77.84), followed by the mild NPDR group (301.83 µm ± 91.33), moderate NPDR group (300.36 µm ± 70.36) , severe NPDR group (283.20 µm ± 86.80), PDR (250.08 µm ± 58.75) and post laser DR (222.40 µm ± 73.15), with statistical significance (p < 0,001). The variables age, duration of DM, DR stage, eGFR, BMI, CPG and visual acuity were the only ones that showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, only CPG was the variable that showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001). In subanalysis among the DM patient groups, the influence of CPG on choroidal thickness remained statistically significant (p < 0.001) only in the diabetic patients without DR, mild NPDR, moderate NPDR. CONCLUSION: Choroidal thickness decreases as DR progresses and is influenced by CPG at the time of examination in patients with no DR, mild NPDR, moderate NPDR. Choroidal thickness should therefore be adjusted according to this variable in diabetic patients
 
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Publishing Date
2021-03-11
 
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