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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2023.tde-06112023-150809
Document
Author
Full name
Taurino dos Santos Rodrigues Neto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Zacharias, Leandro Cabral (President)
Kreuz, André Carvalho
Pasoto, Sandra Gofinet
Yamamoto, Joyce Hisae
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação multimodal com uso de angiotomografia de coerência óptica em pacientes assintomáticos com síndrome antifosfolípide primária
Keywords in Portuguese
Angiotomografia de coerência óptica
Retina
Síndrome antifosfolipídica
Tomografia de coerência óptica
Abstract in Portuguese
Objetivos: Realizar uma avaliação multimodal, incluindo o uso da angiotomografia de coerência óptica (OCTA), em pacientes com síndrome antifosfolípide (SAF) primária e sem queixas oculares e comparar com indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Realizou-se avaliação oftalmológica estrutural e funcional completa por meio da OCTA e exame de microperimetria (MP) em pacientes com SAF primária, acompanhados em um ambulatório terciário de reumatologia. Todas as manifestações oftalmológicas foram registradas e em seguida foi realizada análise estatística para fins comparativos, sendo p <0,05 considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Incluímos 104 olhos de 52 indivíduos (26 pacientes com SAF primária e sem queixas oculares e 26 indivíduos saudáveis). Entre os pacientes com SAF primária, 21 eram do sexo feminino (80,8%) e 21 (80,8%) eram caucasianos. A SAF primária trombótica foi a principal manifestação dos critérios clínicos (100%); 65,4% apresentavam trombose venosa e 34,6% trombose arterial. Critérios obstétricos estavam presentes em 34,6% de todas as pacientes trombóticas com SAF primária. O anticoagulante lúpico esteve presente em todos os pacientes. 19,2% dos pacientes com SAF primária apresentaram achados oftalmológicos versus nenhum dos indivíduos saudáveis. A alteração retiniana mais comum foi a maculopatia média aguda paracentral (PAMM) (3 pacientes, 5 olhos), seguida por depósitos maculares semelhantes as drusas (1 paciente, 2 olhos) e epiteliopatia pigmentar paquicoroide (1 paciente, 1 olho). Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e dislipidemia (DLP) estiveram presentes em 100% dos pacientes com SAF primária e PAMM, enquanto apenas seis pacientes (26,1%) com SAF primária sem PAMM apresentaram esses dois fatores de risco associados. Na avaliação quantitativa da OCTA, evidenciamos que as diferenças entre SAF primária e controles são significativas tanto no complexo vascular superficial (CVS), quanto no complexo vascular profundo (CVP) no protocolo high speed e no CVS no high resolution. Na análise dos parâmetros da zona avascular foveal (ZAF), o grupo SAF primária apresentou maior área da ZAF do CVP pelo método high speed em comparação ao grupo controle (GC) (p=0,047). Na análise quantitativa da MP, o grupo SAF primária apresentou menor sensibilidade retiniana central (p=0,041) e global (p<0,001) em comparação ao GC, assim como na análise por setores, com exceção apenas do setor inferior. Na avaliação quantitativa da estabilidade de fixação, houve uma tendência de pior estabilidade no subgrupo SAF primária com PAMM em ambos os métodos estudados. Conclusões: PAMM foi observada em 11,5% dos pacientes com SAF primária sem queixas oculares prévias. A HAS concomitante com a DLP foram os fatores de riscos mais comuns associados à ocorrência de PAMM em pacientes com SAF primária. Os pacientes com SAF primária apresentaram uma menor densidade vascular e sensibilidade retiniana em relação ao GC, mesmo nos pacientes sem PAMM\
Title in English
Multimodal evaluation using optical coherence angiotomography in asymptomatic patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Keywords in English
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence angiotomography
Retina
Abstract in English
Purpose: To perform a multimodal evaluation, including the use of Optical Coherence Angiotomography (OCTA), in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) without ocular complaints and to compare them with healthy individuals. Methods: A complete structural and functional ophthalmological evaluation using OCTA and microperimetry (MP) exam in patients with PAPS, followed at a tertiary rheumatology outpatient clinic, was performed. All ophthalmologic manifestations were recorded and then statistical analysis was performed for comparative purposes, p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 104 eyes of 52 subjects (26 patients with PAPS without ocular complaints and 26 healthy individuals) were included. Among PAPS patients, 21 were female (80.8%) and 21 (80.8%) were caucasians. Thrombotic PAPS was the main clinical criteria manifestation (100%); 65.4% had venous and 34.6% had arterial thrombosis. Obstetrical criteria were present in 34.6% of all thrombotic PAPS patients. Lupusanticoagulant was present in all patients. 19.2% of PAPS patients presented ophthalmologic findings against none of the healthy individuals. The most common retinal change was paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) (3 patients, 5 eyes), followed by drusen like deposits (1 patient, 2 eyes) and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (1 patient, 1 eye). Systemic hypertension and hyperlipidaemia were present in 100% of the PAPS patients with PAMM, while only six patients (26.1%) with PAPS without PAMM presented these two risk factors together. In the quantitative OCTA evaluation, we found significant differences between PAPS patients and controls in both the superficial vascular complex (SVC) and deep vascular complex (DVC) in the high-speed protocol, as well as in the SVC in the high-resolution protocol. In the analysis of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, the PAPS group had a larger area of FAZ in the DVC using the high-speed method compared to the control group (p=0.047). In the quantitative analysis of the MP, the PAPS group had lower central (p=0.041) and global (p<0.001) retinal sensitivity compared to the control group, as well as in the sector analysis, with the exception of the inferior sector. In the quantitative evaluation of fixation stability, there was a trend towards worse stability in the PAPS subgroup with PAMM in both studied methods. Conclusions: PAMM was observed in 11.5% of PAPS patients with no previous ocular complaints. Systemic hypertension concomitant with hyperlipidemia were the most common associated risk factor for PAMM in patients with PAPS. PAPS patients present lower vascular density and retinal sensitivity compared to the control group, even in patients without PAMM
 
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Publishing Date
2023-11-08
 
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