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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2023.tde-24112023-173431
Document
Author
Full name
Lígia Pelosi Mendonça
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Dolhnikoff, Marisa (President)
Baldi, Bruno Guedes
Bernardi, Fabiola Del Carlo
Silva, Luiz Fernando Ferraz da
Title in Portuguese
Alterações morfológicas das pequenas vias aéreas associadas ao comprometimento funcional na linfangioleiomiomatose
Keywords in Portuguese
Escore histológico de LAM
Linfangioleiomiomatose
Pequenas vias aéreas
Prova de função pulmonar
Abstract in Portuguese
A linfangioleiomiomatose (LAM) é uma doença pulmonar rara, neoplásica e cística, caracterizada pela proliferação anormal das chamadas células LAM. Apesar do padrão funcional obstrutivo observado na maioria dos pacientes com LAM, poucos estudos investigaram as alterações morfológicas das pequenas vias aéreas que podem estar associadas à doença. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as alterações morfológicas das pequenas vias aéreas em pacientes com LAM de diferentes gravidades em relação aos controles, e sua associação com variáveis funcionais e com o Escore Histológico de LAM (EHL). Foram avaliadas 39 mulheres com LAM submetidas a biópsia pulmonar aberta ou transplante pulmonar e nove controles que morreram de doenças não pulmonares. Foram analisados os dados clínicos e as variáveis obtidas nas provas de função pulmonar (PFP). A gravidade histológica da doença foi avaliada como EHL e graduada em escores de 1 a 3, como segue: EHL-1, <25%; EHL-2, 25% a 50% (EHL-1 e EHL-2: menos graves); e EHL-3, >50% de envolvimento pulmonar (mais grave). Os seguintes parâmetros foram obtidos na análise morfométrica: espessura das vias aéreas, índice de fechamento das vias aéreas, proporção de colágeno e músculo liso das vias aéreas, expressão epitelial de TGF- das vias aéreas e infiltração de células LAM e células inflamatórias nas paredes das pequenas vias aéreas. Essas variáveis foram comparadas com controles e correlacionadas entre si. A idade dos pacientes com LAM foi de 39 ± 8 anos, com VEF1 e DLCO de 62 ± 30% previsto e 62±32% previsto, respectivamente. Pacientes com LAM apresentaram aumento do índice de fechamento das pequenas vias aéreas, proporção de colágeno e músculo liso e expressão epitelial de TGF- em comparação com os controles. Pacientes com LAM com EHL mais grave e com maior gravidade funcional (VEF1 30%) apresentaram maior espessura das vias aéreas. Inflamação bronquiolar leve ou ausente foi observada na maioria das vias aéreas; a infiltração da parede das pequenas vias aéreas por células LAM foi um achado raro. O EHL foi associado ao padrão obstrutivo, aprisionamento aéreo e redução da DLCO, enquanto a espessura da parede das pequenas vias aéreas foi associada ao VEF1, CVF e proporção de colágeno. Foi concluído que a LAM está associada ao remodelamento e fechamento parcial das pequenas vias aéreas, com alterações estruturais observadas em diferentes compartimentos. O comprometimento funcional na LAM está associado ao remodelamento das vias aéreas e, de forma mais importante, à gravidade da histológica da doença (EHL)
Title in English
Small airways morphological alterations associated to functional impairment in lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Keywords in English
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Pulmonary function test
Score LAM
Small airways
Abstract in English
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare neoplastic and cystic pulmonary disease, which is characterized by abnormal proliferation of the so-called LAM cells. Despite the functional obstructive pattern observed in most patients with LAM, few studies investigated the morphological changes in the small airways that may be associated with the disease. Our study aimed to characterize the morphological alterations of the small airways in patients with LAM with different severities compared to controls, and their association with functional variables and with LAM Histological Score (LHS). Thirty-nine women with LAM who had undergone open lung biopsy or lung transplantation, and nine control subjects that died from non-pulmonary diseases were evaluated. Clinical data and variables obtained from pulmonary function tests (PFT) were analyzed. The histological severity of the disease was assessed as LHS and graded in scores 1 to 3, as follows: LHS-1, <25%; LHS-2, 25% to 50% (LHS-1 and LHS-2: less severe); and LHS-3, >50% of lung involvement (more severe). The following parameters were obtained in the morphometrical analysis: airway thickness, airway closure index, collagen and airway smooth muscle content, airway epithelial TGF- expression, and infiltration of LAM cells and inflammatory cells within the small airway walls. These variables were compared with controls and correlated with each other. The age of patients with LAM was 39 ± 8 years, with FEV1 and DLCO of 62 ± 30% predicted and 62 ± 32% predicted, respectively. Patients with LAM had increased small airway closure index, collagen and smooth muscle content, and epithelial TGF- expression compared with controls. Patients with LAM with the more severe LHS and with greater functional severity (FEV1 30%) presented higher thickness of the airways. Bronchiolar inflammation was mild; infiltration of the small airways wall by LAM cells was rare. LHS was associated with obstructive pattern, air trapping and reduced DLCO, whereas small airway wall thickness was associated with FEV1, FVC and collagen content. LAM is associated with small airway remodeling and partial airway closure, with structural alterations observed at different airway compartments. Functional impairment in LAM is associated with airway remodeling and, most importantly, with the histological severity (LHS)
 
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Publishing Date
2023-11-27
 
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