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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2023.tde-10052023-120550
Document
Author
Full name
Marco Aurélio Cigognini
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Moreno, Ricardo Alberto (President)
Elkis, Helio
Fenili, Romero
Tavares, Diego Freitas
Title in Portuguese
Comparação de eficácia da cetamina intramuscular e da combinação escitalopram e aripiprazol no tratamento agudo e manutenção da depressão resistente: ensaio clínico duplo cego, controlado com placebo, randomizado e de grupos paralelos
Keywords in Portuguese
Antagonista de receptores NMDA
Cetamina
Depressão resistente ao tratamento
Ensaio clínico randomizado
Intramuscular
Psicofarmacologia
Abstract in Portuguese
Cetamina (CET) um antagonista dos receptores N-methyl-D-aspartado (NMDA) tem demonstrado ação rápida no tratamento de indivíduos com depressão resistente ao tratamento (DRT) em doses subanestésicas. Poucas pesquisas tem avaliado seu uso a longo prazo e por rotas distintas das vias intravenosa e intranasal. Um estudo comparativo, paralelo, duplo cego, randomizado avaliou a eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade do uso agudo (4 semanas [FII]) e de manutenção (24 semanas [FIII]) da CET intramuscular (IM) (GE=0,75 mg/kg e placebos orais) versus controle ativo (GC=escitalopram 15 mg, aripiprazol 5 mg e solução salina IM) em indivíduos com DRT de intensidade moderada-grave (sem sintomas psicóticos), com ou sem risco de suicídio. Os pacientes (18-40 anos) foram randomizados e cegados para o GE ou GC na razão de 1:1. Os sujeitos foram avaliados por instrumentos clínicos e testes neuropsicológicos, tendo seus sinais vitais (SV) monitorados após aplicação da medicação injetável. O desfecho primário foi as mudanças na Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) no transcorrer da pesquisa. Foram admitidos 44 voluntários, destes 24 foram selecionados e randomizados. O estudo demonstrou eficácia comparável do GE com o GC (ANOVA de medidas repetidas) no tratamento agudo (F=0,97; p=0,43), de manutanção (F=0,85; p=0,651) e na retirada (F=2,37; p=0,096). Os grupos não diferiram quanto as taxas de drop-out na FII (GE = 30,8% e GC = 30% [valor de p próximo a 1]) e na FIII (GE = 33,3% e GC = 50% [p=0,839]) segundo o teste de Fisher.Os desfechos secundários (em quase todas as fases) demonstraram similaridade. Nenhum evento grave (clínico ou psiquiátrico) foi evidenciado. Houveram alterações benignas e transitórias nos SV típicas do uso da CET (notoriamente aumento da pressão arterial) que não requereram intervenções. Os grupos não demonstraram diferenças estatísticas no que tange aos efeitos colaterais. Os efeitos transitórios mais comuns da CET-IM na FII foram: déficit de concentração (62,6%), sonolência (54,6%) e cefaléia (49,1%). Uma média maior dos efeitos dissociativos refletiu característica típica da CET porém com baixíssima frequência de sintomas psicóticos. A CET-IM (0,75 mg/kg) demonstrou eficácia comparada ao tratamento ativo (escitalopram 15 mg e aripiprazol 5 mg), segurança e tolerabilidade no tratamento agudo (1 mês) e de manutenção (6 meses) tendo seus benefícios mantidos na sua retirada (1 mês) REGISTRO: NCT04234776
Title in English
Efficacy comparison of intramuscular ketamine and the combination escitalopram and aripiprazole in the acute treatment and maintenance of resistant depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial
Keywords in English
Intramuscular
Ketamine
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist
Psychopharmacology
Randomized clinical trial
Treatment-resistant depression
Abstract in English
Ketamine (KET) an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist has demonstrated rapid action in the treatment of individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) at subanesthetic doses. Little research has evaluated its long-term use and by routes other than intravenous and intranasal. A comparative, parallel, double-blind, randomized study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of acute (4 weeks [PII]) and maintenance (24 weeks [PIII]) use of intramuscular (IM) KET (EG=0.75 mg /kg and oral placebos) versus active control (GC=escitalopram 15 mg, aripiprazole 5 mg, and saline IM) in subjects with moderate-severe TRD (no psychotic symptoms), with or without risk of suicide. Patients (18-40 years) were randomized and blinded to EG or GC in a 1:1 ratio. The subjects were evaluated by clinical instruments and neuropsychological tests, and their vital signs (VS) were monitored after the application of the injectable medication. The primary outcome was changed in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) over the course of the survey. Forty-four volunteers were admitted, of these 24 were selected and randomized. The study demonstrated comparable efficacy of the EG with the CG (ANOVA two-way) in acute treatment (F=0.97; p=0.43), maintenance (F=0.85; p=0.651), and withdrawal (F=2.37; p=0.096). The groups did not differ in drop-out rates in the PII (GE = 30.8% and GC = 30% [p value close to 1]) and in the PIII (GE = 33.3% and GC = 50% [p=0.839]) according to Fisher's test. The secondary outcomes (in almost all phases) showed similarity. No serious events (clinical or psychiatric) were evidenced. There were benign and transient changes in VS typical of KET use (notably increased blood pressure) that did not require interventions. The groups did not show statistical differences regarding side effects. The most common transient effects of KETIM in PII were: concentration deficit (62.6%), drowsiness (54.6%), and headache (49.1%). A higher mean of dissociative effects reflected a typical characteristic of KET but with a very low frequency of psychotic symptoms. KET-IM (0.75 mg/kg) demonstrated efficacy compared to active treatment (escitalopram 15 mg and aripiprazole 5 mg), safety, and tolerability in acute (1 month) and maintenance (6 months) treatment, with its benefits maintained in its withdrawal (1 month) REGISTRATION: NCT04234776
 
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Publishing Date
2023-05-11
 
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