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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2007.tde-11032008-143427
Document
Author
Full name
Beatriz Vasconcelos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Kim, Chong Ae (President)
Ceccon, Maria Esther Jurfest Rivero
Melaragno, Maria Isabel de Souza Aranha
Title in Portuguese
Estudo da freqüência de aberrações cromossômicas nos pacientes atendidos na Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança entre 1992 a 2002
Keywords in Portuguese
Aberrações cromossômicas
Aconselhamento genético
Citogenética
Genética médica/educação
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: As aberrações cromossômicas constituem uma das maiores categorias das doenças genéticas, e são causa significativa do retardo mental e das malformações congênitas. Essas anormalidades correspondem a 50% dos casos de abortos espontâneos, 6% de natimortos e 0,6-1% de nativivos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência das aberrações cromossômicas e classificar as principais aberrações encontradas nos pacientes atendidos em um serviço de Genética. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de registros de resultados dos cariótipos de pacientes atendidos no Instituto da Criança no período 1992-2002. RESULTADOS: A freqüência de aberrações cromossômicas nos pacientes foi de 22% em 1122 cariótipos. As alterações numéricas foram 70,8% e 29,2% estruturais. A síndrome de Down foi a aberração numérica mais encontrada em 117/247 (47,4%) pacientes, e a segunda foi a síndrome de Edwards, em 18/247 (7,3%), seguida pela síndrome de Patau, que ocorreu em 9/247 (3,6%) pacientes. Entre as aberrações sexuais, a síndrome de Turner foi a mais freqüente, 18/247 (7,3%), seguida de três casos de triplo X, um de Klinefelter e um duplo Y. Dentre as aberrações estruturais, as deleções destacaram-se, com 27/247 (10,9%) dos casos; houve nove casos de síndrome de "Cri-du-chat" e oito de Wolf-Hirschhorn. CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência significativa de aberrações cromossômicas encontradas salienta como fundamental o uso do cariótipo de rotina nos pacientes atendidos no serviço de Genética, para definição diagnóstica e aconselhamento genético aos pacientes e seus familiares.
Title in English
Frequency of Chromosomal disorders in patients assisted at Instituto da Criança genetic service within the period of 1992-2002
Keywords in English
Chromosomal disorders
Cytogenetic
Genetic counseling
Medical genetic/education
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: Chromosomal disorders are included among the most important causes of genetic diseases with mental retardation and congenital malformation. Fifty percent of these abnormalities are spontaneously aborted and affect at least 6,0% of the stillbirth and the frequency in live births is 0.6%-1%. OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and the main of chromosomal disorders in patients assisted at a genetic service. CASUISTIC AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out regarding the record karyotype of patients assisted at Instituto da Criança within the period of 1992-2002. RESULTS: The frequency of chromosomal disorders of the patients was found in 22.0% among 1122 karyotypes. The numerical abnormalities among patients were 70.8% and 29.2% of them were structurals. Down syndrome was the most common numerical abnormality, found in 117/247 (47.4%) patients, followed by Edwards syndrome in 18/247 (7.3%) and Patau syndrome in 9/247 (3.6%) patients. Among the sexual abnormalities, Turner syndrome was the most common, in 18/247 (7.3%) patients, followed by three cases of triple X syndrome, one case of Klinefelter syndrome and a case of XYY syndrome. Among all structural abnormalities, the deletions were the most common, found in 27/247 (10.9%) of the cases, with 9 patients with "Cri-du-chat" syndrome and 8 cases of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. CONCLUSION: The significance frequency of chromosome abnormalities emphasizes the importance of the G-banding karyotyping in the routine evaluation of patients assisted at the genetic service to attain a diagnosis definition and provide genetic counseling to the patients and family members.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-03-18
 
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