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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2019.tde-04102021-122926
Document
Author
Full name
Eduardo Schincariol Saconi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Lima, Ana Lucia Lei Munhoz (President)
Gobbi, Riccardo Gomes
Honda, Emerson Kiyoshi
Oliveira, Priscila Rosalba Domingos de
Title in Portuguese
Infecção por espécies de Candida em próteses articulares: revisão da literatura e caracterização clínica dos casos conduzidos no Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
Keywords in Portuguese
Candida
diagnóstico
infecção
prótese articular
terapêutica
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: Com o aumento do número de implantes de próteses articulares espera-se um aumento no número absoluto de infecções associadas ao procedimento. Ainda que menos frequentes, as infecções por espécies de Candida devem acompanhar esta tendência. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os casos de infecção em prótese articular por espécies de Candida nos pacientes do IOT-HCFMUSP entre os anos de 2007 e 2014 bem como realizar revisão da literatura para descrição analítica dos casos e determinação dos aspectos da conduta inicial associados a um desfecho favorável. MÉTODOS: Para a revisão da literatura foram realizadas buscas com os termos prosthesis related infection ou shouder infection ou elbow infection ou knee infection ou hip infection ou ankle infection e mycosis ou candida. Foram coletadas informações demográficas, sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento dos pacientes incluídos na revisão. Para a descrição da série de casos foram selecionados os pacientes com diagnóstico e tratamento de infecção por espécies de Candida em prótese articular realizados no IOT-HCFMUSP e coletadas as mesmas informações acima descritas. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 94 casos descritos na literatura e 11 casos diagnosticados no IOT-HCFMUSP. Entre os 94 pacientes com idade média de 67 anos, a principal comorbidade associada foi o diabetes mellitus e o principal antecedente pessoal foi a infecção prévia em prótese articular. Ao menos um fator de risco para infecção fúngica foi encontrado em 64,9% dos pacientes. As espécies de Candida não albicans foram responsáveis por 54% das infecções. A conduta cirúrgica inicial mais indicada foi a revisão em dois tempos (50%) e 71% dos pacientes foram tratados com monoterapia sendo o fluconazol o antifúngico mais utilizado (64%). A mediana de tratamento foi de 10 semanas e 62% tiveram desfecho favorável após a conduta inicial. Dos 11 casos do IOT-HCFMUSP com idade média de 65 anos, as comorbidades mais frequentes foram a cardiopatia e o diabetes mellitus enquanto o principal antecedente pessoal foi a infecção bacteriana prévia na prótese articular. A presença de ao menos um fator de risco para infecção fúngica esteve presente em 73% dos pacientes. Não houve diferença entre Candida albicans e não albicans como agente de infecção e houve coinfecção bacteriana em 55% dos casos. A limpeza cirúrgica com remoção da prótese foi a conduta mais frequente (45%). Todos os pacientes foram tratados com monoterapia e o antifúngico mais utilizado foi o fluconazol. O tempo total de uso do antifúngico foi de seis meses em 73% dos casos. Após a conduta inicial, 73% dos pacientes atingiram a remissão clínica. CONCLUSÃO: a revisão da literatura mostrou que em relação ao sucesso da conduta inicial, o tratamento cirúrgico foi superior ao tratamento conservador, a associação de antifúngicos não foi superior à monoterapia, não houve diferença entre revisão em um tempo e revisão em dois tempos. Nos casos diagnosticados no IOT-HCFMUSP, a conduta inicial mais indicada foi a limpeza cirúrgica com remoção da prótese sendo a monoterapia com fluconazol o esquema mais utilizado. O tempo total de tratamento mais prevalente foi de seis meses. A conduta inicial levou a um desfecho favorável em 73% dos casos
Title in English
Periprosthetic joint infection due to Candida species: literature review and clinical definition of cases conducted in Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
Keywords in English
Candida
diagnosis
infection
joint prosthesis
therapeutics
Abstract in English
BACKGROUND: With the increase in joint prosthesis implants, an increase in absolute number of infections associated with the procedure is expected. Although less frequent, infections by Candida species should follow this trend. The objective of this study is to describe joint prosthesis infections caused by Candida species in patients of IOT-FMUSP between 2007 and 2014 as well as conducting literature review for analytical description and determination of aspects of initial conduct associated with a favorable outcome. METHODS: For the review of the literature searches were performed with the terms "prosthesis related infection" or "shoulder infection" or "elbow" or "knee infection" or "hip infection" or "ankle" and "mycosis infection" or "candida". Demographic, diagnostic and treatment information were collected about the patients included in the review. Patients with diagnose of prosthetic joint infection by Candida species attended at IOT-FMUSP were selected and the same information above described were collected. RESULTS: It was identified 94 cases described in the literature and 11 cases diagnosed at IOT-FMUSP. Among 94 patients with an average age of 67 years, the most frequent comorbidity was diabetes mellitus and the most frequent personal antecedent was prior prosthetic joint infection. At least one risk factor for fungal infection has been found in 64.9% of patients. Candida non-albicans accounted for 54% of infections. The initial surgical conduct most performed was 2- stage exchange (50%) and 71% of patients were treated with monotherapy and fluconazole was the most used antifungal agent (64%). The median treatment was 10 weeks and 62% had a favorable outcome after the initial conduct. Of the 11 cases attended at IOT-FMUSP with an average age of 65 years, the most frequent comorbidities were heart disease and diabetes mellitus while the main personal antecedent was prior bacterial prosthetic joint infection. Presence of at least one risk factor for fungal infection was present in 73% of patients. There was no difference between Candida albicans and non-albicans as agent of infection and there was bacterial co-infection in 55% of cases. Surgical removal of prosthesis was the most frequent initial conduct (45%). All patients were treated with monotherapy and the most widely used antifungal was fluconazole. Total treatment time with antifungal was six months in 73% of cases. After the initial approach, 73% of patients reached clinical remission. CONCLUSION: Literature review showed that considering the success of initial conduct, surgical treatment was superior to conservative treatment, antifungal association was not superior to monotherapy and there was no difference between 1- stage exchange and 2-stage exchange. In cases attended at IOT-FMUSP, the most frequent initial conduct was surgical removal of the prosthesis and monotherapy with fluconazole was the most widely used antifungal. The most prevalent treatment time was 6 months. The initial conduct reached a favorable outcome in 73% of cases
 
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Publishing Date
2021-10-04
 
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